Impact of heat stress on milk yield and composition in early lactation of Holstein Friesian crossbred cattle

Abstract

The aim of the study was to know the effect of heat stress on milk yield and its composition of Holstein Friesian crossbred dairy cows rearing under intensive management system.Heat stress in dairy cows is caused by a combination of environmental factors i.e. temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation and air movement, etc. Grading-up of local cattle by temperate breeds for greater performance results to increase the sensitivity to heat stress. The trial was conducted during hot (May-July) and cool period (December-February) on a total of 12 crossbred dairy cows in early lactation period (first 60 days of lactation). The selected cows were divided into two groups namely as G1 (Holstein-Friesian 50% × Local 50%) and G2 (Holstein-Friesian 75% × Local 25%) and each group containing three cows of 3rd lactation in both periods of trail. Cows of each group were offered same quality and quantity of feed and reared in same management condition in both the trail periods. The mean average temperature humidity index (THI) of the stanchion barn were 70.83± 0.535 and 83.87± 0.375 in cool and hot period, respectively. The differences of THI of cool and hot season was significant (p<0.05). The average rectal temperature (0F) of G1 group was 101.51± 0.027and 102.15±0.049 in cool and hot period, respectively. On the other hand, the average rectal temperature (0F) of G2 group was 101.68± 0.035 and 102.5±0.052 in cool and hot period, respectively. The differences of rectal temperature of both groups between cool and hot season were significant (p<0.05). The average milk yield (Liter/day) of both groups was significantly (p<0.05) higher in cool period (14.92±0.019 and 19.54± 0.116 for G1 and G2 group, respectively) than in hot period (12.84±0.152 and 15±0.137 for G1 and G2 group, respectively). The milk yield of G2 group hampered more compare to G1 group due to higher THI during hot season. The milk fat, protein and lactose of both groups were significantly higher (p<0.05) during lower THI period compare to higher THI period, while the higher values of minerals detected in higher THI period but the differences were not statistically significant (p<0.05). From the result it is evident that the milk yield and composition are greatly affected by the heat stress during early lactation period.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2017. 46 (3): 192-197

Deterioration effects of heat stress on farm animals performance in tropical and subtropical regions

“…Further, Kadzere et al [37] reported that milk fat, solids-not-fat, and milk protein percentage decreased 39.7, 18.9 and 16.9% respectively. Chanda et al [62] found that the milk fat, protein and lactose were significantly higher during the lower THI period compare to the higher THI period. In another study, decreased milk protein, lactose and fat values were recorded during the summer [70].…”

“…To give a practical quantitative evaluation, Bernabucci et al [61] reported a loss of 0.27-kg milk per each temperature-humidity index unit incremental change. Chanda et al [62] found that the averages milk yield of both group one (G1) (Holstein-Friesian 50% × Local 50%) and group two (G2) (Holstein-Friesian 75% × Local 25%) were significantly higher in the cool period (14.92 and 19.54 l/d than in hot period (12.84 and 15.00 l/d for the G1 and the G2, respectively. The milk yield of the G2 group hampered more compare to the G1 due to higher THI during the hot season.…”

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of CDC37, AHSA1 and STIP1 Gene in Three Cattle Breeds using SNaPshot Technology

“…Heat stress refers to systemic indications in which the animal, affected by high temperatures, experiences rises in body temperature and physiological reactions occur in the hypothalamus, pituitary and adrenal cortex systems (Dikmen et al, 2009). W hen heat stress occurs, the productivity and quality of milk products from dairy cows decline (West et al, 2003;Liu et al, 2017;Chanda et al, 2018), heat stress may also cause disorders with the immune system making the cattle prone to infection by microorganisms or other diseases (Silanikove et al, 2015;Alemu et al, 2018); In addition, heat stress can also lead to low fertilization and decreased reproduction rates in cows (Andrade et al, 2008;Rahman et al, 2018). At the same time, parasitic diseases are widespread in high temperature and high humidity environments, which could potentially bring huge economic losses to certain cattle livestock industries.…”

System-level Insights into the Adaptation of Domestic Dairy Buffalo to Chronic Heat Stress

“…At ambient temperatures of 29.4°C and 38.9°C, nutrient intake and milk yield decreased ~30.0% and ~27.6%, respectively [7 ,8 ]. In addition, buffalo have fewer sweat glands than do cattle, increasing heat sensitivity [3,9,10]. Thus, buffalo may be increasingly prone to heat stress as global warming progresses, threatening the buffalo dairy industry [11][12][13].…”