Impact of Herbicides on Soil Biology and Function

Rose, Michael T.; Cavagnaro, Timothy R.; Scanlan, Craig; Rose, Terry J.; Vancov, Tony; Kimber, Stephen; Kennedy, Ivan R.; Kookana, Rai S.; Zwieten, Lukas Van

doi:10.1016/bs.agron.2015.11.005

Cited by 126 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 263 publications

(329 reference statements)

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“…Cellulase yields appear to depend on a complex relationship involving a variety of factors like inoculum size, pH value, temperature, presence of inducers, medium additives, aeration, growth time, and so forth [10,24,25].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Comparison of Cellulolytic Activity of the Modified Soil Treated with Roundup

Krzyśko–Łupicka

Kręcidło

2016

Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology

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The activity of soil microorganisms affects soil fertility and structure, what leads to satisfactory crop yields, thanks to changes in the decay of organic matter. Their activity may be impaired as a result of application by farmers both fertilizers and pesticides. The degradation of cellulosic biomass represents an important part of the carbon cycle within the biosphere. Cellulolitic microorganisms are responsible for this decomposition, as they produced the enzymes of the cellulase complex. The aim of the study was to compare the cellulolytic activity of soil with Roundup and modified using urea phosphate and / or manure. The pot experiment was conducted under laboratory conditions. The studied material was brown soil (pH of 5.5) fertilized with manure and/or urea phosphate. To each earthenware vase were fed 0.5 kg of the tested soil supplemented with 1% carboxymethyl cellulose. The cellulolytic activities of soil in different experimental variants were expressed in % of C using a colorimetric Petkov method. Modification of soil cellulolytic activity varied considerably depending on the additive manure and/or urea phosphate and Roundup. The lowest soil cellulolytic activity was observed in the presence of manure and urea phosphate, and the highest in the soil with manure and Roundup. The objects of Roundup independently of the other additives urea phosphate stimulate the activity of the cellulolytic microflora compared to objects containing only urea phosphate. The presence of manure in soil treated with Roundup clearly accelerated degradation of cellulose, what can be used in agriculture in the degradation of crop residues. The study shows that pesticides and fertilizers have a big impact on cellulolytic activity in soil. Changes in cellulolytic activity can be used as an ecological indicator of soil pollution level.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Comparison of Cellulolytic Activity of the Modified Soil Treated with Roundup

Krzyśko–Łupicka

Kręcidło

2016

Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology

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“… Algılanabilir mikro-plastiklerin boyut sınırlamasının yüksek olması,  Daha az belirgin olan maddelerin, özellikle diğer maddelerle karıştırıldığında kolayca göz ardı edilmesidir [80].…”

Section: Mi̇kroplasti̇k Numune Alim Yöntemleri̇unclassified

Mikroplastikler, Çevre-İnsan Sağlığı Üzerine Etkileri Ve Analiz Yöntemleri

Esmeray

Armutcu

2020

Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi

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Plastikler, günlük yaşantımızda birçok alanda kullanılmaktadır. İnsanlar şimdiye kadar 9 milyar tonun üzerinde plastik üretmişlerdir. 2050 yılına kadar neredeyse 38 milyar ton plastik üretilecek ve bunun 13 milyar tonu atık olacaktır. Atık plastikler zamanla bozunarak mikroplastikleri (ikincil mikroplastikleri)(İMP) oluşturacak, ayrıca kozmetik, ilaç gibi sektörlerde kullanılmak üzere kasıtlı üretilen mikroplastiklerde (birincil mikroplastikler)(BMP) çevreye salınmış olacaktır. Mikroplastiklerin okyanuslardaki dağılımı; 1 metreküpte 1 milyondan fazla parça bulunabileceği gibi 100 metreküpte 1 parçadan daha az da bulunabilmektedir. Çevre mikroplastik birikimine ve taşınımına katkıda bulunmakta, ayrıca mikroplastikler absorpsiyon nedeniyle ortamda bulunan mikro kirleticileri ve bazı ağır metalleri bünyesinde tutarak yayılmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu da mikroplastiklerin katlanarak tehlike oluşturduğu anlamına gelmektedir. Mikroplastikler, hem suda yaşayan canlılar için hem de insanlar için büyük tehdit oluştururlar. Dolayısıyla okyanus, deniz gibi ortamlara atılan plastik atıklardan dolayı mikroplastik kaynaklı kirlilik günden güne artmaktadır. Günümüzde mikroplastiklerin çeşitli yollarla insan bünyesine alınmasının, insan sağlığı üzerinde oluşturabileceği olumsuz etkiler hakkında bilgiler hala yeterli değildir. Bunun sonucu olarak, çevre ve insanın nasıl bir tehdit ile karşı karşıya kaldığının, tam olarak anlaşılabilmesi de mümkün değildir. Bu olumsuz veriler ışığında mikroplastiklerin insan ve çevre sağlığı üzerindeki risklerinin acil olarak araştırılmaya ihtiyacı vardır. Bu çalışmada, mikroplastiklerin, çevre-insan sağlığına olan potansiyel etkilerini ve analiz yöntemleri incelenmiştir.

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“…The second example is of a specific use of a banned product: applying an herbicide to kill a pasture in transition to a direct‐seeded row crop. Using an herbicide preserves soil structure and the protective plant cover (Hobbs et al, 2008; Rose et al, 2016). Furthermore, the sprayed nonfood vegetation will never be harvested.…”

Section: Organic Farming's Ban Unaffected By Advances In Sciencementioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural Science and Organic Farming: Time to Change Our Trajectory

McGuire

2017

Agricultural & Env Letters

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Core Ideas Organic farming bans nearly all synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. Research shows that these materials can be the best solution to specific problems. Agricultural science has incrementally embraced organic farming. Mingling ideology and science compromises science and misleads the public. Agricultural science should change its trajectory with regard to organic farming. Organic farming bans all rates and uses of nearly every synthetic fertilizer and pesticide. This comprehensive ban ignores the range of differences in these materials, from dangerous to benign, and ignores research showing that specific uses and rates of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides can be the best solution to specific agricultural problems. Although organic farming emphasizes beneficial practices like crop rotation and application of manure and compost, it is this ideological ban that defines a farm as “organic.” Despite this rigid rejection of some parts of modern farm technology, organic farming has been incrementally embraced by agricultural science, influencing research, education, and outreach. Mingling ideology and science compromises science, misleads the public, and hinders efforts to sustain agriculture. It is time to review our relationship as agricultural scientists to organic farming and change the current trajectory.

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Impact of Herbicides on Soil Biology and Function

Cited by 126 publications

References 263 publications

The Comparison of Cellulolytic Activity of the Modified Soil Treated with Roundup

The Comparison of Cellulolytic Activity of the Modified Soil Treated with Roundup

Mikroplastikler, Çevre-İnsan Sağlığı Üzerine Etkileri Ve Analiz Yöntemleri

Agricultural Science and Organic Farming: Time to Change Our Trajectory

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