Impact of hydrology on the Port-Harcourt-Patani-Warri Road

Abam, T. K. S.; Ofoegbu, Charles O.; Osadebe, CC; Gobo, A. E.

doi:10.1007/s002540000106

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…However, many significant projects were conceived and implemented without factoring their sensitivity to floods or capacity to exacerbate floods impacts. A good example is the East-West Road linking Portharcourt to Warri which runs perpendicular to the predominant flow direction without adequate provisions for runoff control as discussed by Abam et al [26].…”

Section: Climate Change Impacts and Hydrological Hazards Of The Niger...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Hydrological Characteristics: A Case Review of the Niger Delta

Abam¹,

Fubara²

2022

JWARP

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This paper reviews the significant contribution of hydrologic continuity in the development, evolution and fate of the Niger Delta. Formed from the aggregation of sediments from a drainage catchment area of over 2 million km 2 , the Niger Delta has evolved into a prolific sedimentary basin with a dense network of rivers and creeks. The ecological system is in a fragile state with fresh and saline water ecosystems maintaining a dynamic equilibrium. Rainfall typically varies from 2500 -4000 mm per year compared to average annual evaporation of about 1500 mm, resulting in net antecedent moisture. Over 70% of the rainfall occurs in 4 months between May and September, creating a potential for flooding. Water level varies from less than 1.5 m in the estuaries to about 8 m at the apex of the delta, with Nun River having a slightly higher elevation compared to Forcados River, implying that canals connecting both rivers at the same reach would experience water movements from Nun to Forcados River. Similarly, water level gradients vary across the stretch of the rivers from 8.6 to 9.5 × 10 −5 (cm/km) between Onitsha and Asamabiri, 7.5 to 7.7 × 10 −5 (cm/km) on the Forcados River downstream of Asamabiri, and from 7.4 to 7.6 × 10 −5 (cm/km) on the Nun River. At peak flood, about 23 × 10 3 m 3 /sec of runoff enters the Niger Delta. At the same time, about 16 × 10 3 m 3 /sec discharges from the estuaries into the ocean in a semi-diurnal tidal flow leaving a surplus that accumulates to cause flooding. The delta thus acts like a sponge, absorbing the shear amount of flow and releasing slowly stored water through at least twenty-one outlet estuaries into the Atlantic Ocean. The shear amount of discharge overwhelms the capacity of the network of distributaries and predisposes the delta to flooding. Assessment of the capacity of the rivers to evacuate pollutants showed that rivers to the west of Brass which are fed by Forcados River exhibited relatively stronger flux efficiencies prior to 1998 but are presently weaker compared to rivers fed by Nun. The rivers to the east between New Calabar and Imo Rivers exhibited very weak ebb tide asymmetry or net upstream flow largely because

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Section: Climate Change Impacts and Hydrological Hazards Of The Niger...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Hydrological Characteristics: A Case Review of the Niger Delta

Abam¹,

Fubara²

2022

JWARP

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“…Many slum dwellings are built on stilts over swamps and other wetlands. Blockage of channels by debris and obstruction of floodways by new construction were seen as the main obstacles contributing to the Port Harcourt flooding (Abam et al, 2000). Worsening urban flooding is affected by both global climate change and local changes to drainage systems and rivers.…”

Section: Disasters Occurrence In Nigeria: An Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban and rural dimensions in post-disaster adjustment challenges in selected communities in Kwara State, Nigeria

Adebimpe

2011

Jàmbá: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies

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Human populations are exposed to climate change directly through changing weather patterns as manifested in the more frequent extreme events and indirectly through changes in ecosystem functions. Rainstorm disasters are common events associated with environmental change and settlements in Kwara state, Nigeria were ravaged by rainstorm events between 2003 and 2006. More than 1000 households were displaced from their habitual homes with consequences for human health and other adjustment challenges. This paper examines the variations in the post-disaster adjustment challenges of rural and urban households so as to identify location specific intervention strategies in the domains of environ- ment and health of the victims. A sample of 200 households was drawn from all households affected by rainstorm disaster as reflected in the FEMA records during the period. A structured questionnaire was administered in addition to the secondary data and analyzed using relevant statistical techniques. The findings include that most households required support before replacing the roofs and/or walls of their homes. Sources of support however vary. Urban households received more institutional support but lower than the amount required for the renovation. A signifficant proportion of urban households moved to poorer homes where they faced challenges relating to the quality of environmental services. Many urban respondents also reported increases in the occurrence of water-borne and weather-related diseases and ailments. Rural households indicated no signi$cant ecological differences between their former homes and the areas to which they relocated. The paper concludes that signi$cant variations exist in the adjustment challenges faced by rural and urban dwellers after a disaster. Community efforts hold promise for emergency response particularly during disasters in rural areas

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“…Gidigasu [19] and Graham and Shields [20] identified inadequate width and composition of the road shoulders as other causative factors that lead to road failures. Notably, widespread pavement failures in the Niger Delta region, Southern region of Nigeria, have been attributed to geological and hydrogeological conditions associated with swampy, poor drainage measures and textural properties of the subsoils [14,[21][22][23][24]. Frequencies of pavement failures have also been related to the engineering indices of the subgrade materials and the underlying geology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering properties of residual soils in part of Southwestern Nigeria: implication for road foundation

2019

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The impact of roads on the socioeconomic development and progress of any country cannot be quantified. A geotechnical investigation of subsoils along Isinbode-Ara road, stretching in southeastern to northwestern direction of 7 km distance within Ekiti State, Southwestern Nigeria, was carried out. This investigation follows the British Standard Institution, such as moisture content, particle size distribution, specific gravity, Atterberg limit, compaction, consolidation and California bearing ratio. Results of investigation showed that the moisture content, specific gravity, liquid limit, plastic limits and plasticity index ranged from 7.2-25.9%; 2.64-2.77; 24.0-61.1%; 19.2-26.2% to 4.35-38.90%, respectively. Grain size distribution showed the fine and coarser fractions range from 13.0-66.5% to 32.6-84.8%, respectively. The maximum dry density and its optimum moisture content ranged from 1.48-2.07 g/cm 3 to 11.3-30.3%, respectively. Soaked CBR results ranged from 3 to 44%. Two classes of subsoils, namely A-2-4 and A-2-6 (granular materials) and A-6 and A-7-6 (clayey soils), were identified and rendered suitable and unsuitable road construction materials, respectively. This investigation revealed that the subsoils are poor road construction materials due to its fine fractions and plasticities, which should be put into consideration during its foundation design and construction stages.

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Impact of hydrology on the Port-Harcourt-Patani-Warri Road

Cited by 13 publications

References 6 publications

Analysis of Hydrological Characteristics: A Case Review of the Niger Delta

Analysis of Hydrological Characteristics: A Case Review of the Niger Delta

Urban and rural dimensions in post-disaster adjustment challenges in selected communities in Kwara State, Nigeria

Engineering properties of residual soils in part of Southwestern Nigeria: implication for road foundation

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