“…4a-d could be defined as 320, 280, 260 and 260 ns, respectively. Consequently, we cannot effectively exploit the high crystallization rate of the conventional GST225, unless the specified structures, such as the modification of heater materials [4,8], are provided for the complete crystallization. The clear SET operations thanks to the perfect crystallization in moderate time can preferably do good for the retention behaviors even at a relatively hightemperature.…”