Impact of Individual Traits, Urban Form, and Urban Character on Selecting Cars as Transportation Mode using the Hierarchical Generalized Linear Model

Abstract

This study investigates certain correlations of the impacts of the individual level, urban character, and urban form on individuals' selection of cars as a means of transportation. It applies the 5Ds (density, diversity, design, destination accessibility, distance to transit), major elements of urban character and form which are believed to decrease the frequency of choosing to use a car. This expanded concept is widely understood to comprise means to promote walking while reducing automobile use. According to urban form theories, the compact city concept is deemed to reduce both vehicle travel and transport energy consumption. The study applies a hierarchical generalized liner model (HGLM), a statistical technique that simultaneously analyzes individual-and urban-level characteristics. The analysis results show that control at the individual level is required in order to properly analyze effective urban character and urban form elements; this enables a reduction in the choice of using a car. The 5Ds demonstrate a significant relation to decreasing the frequency of deciding to use a car. In contrast to existing research, this study drew more elaborate results by introducing a new research method for the more effective examination of individual-and urban-level characteristics.

Influencing Mechanism Analysis of Urban Form on Travel Energy Consumption—Evidence from Fukuoka City, Japan

“…Some of the studies have used bus stop density [53], rail density [54], distance to nearest bus stop [25] and distance to nearest rail station [55]. In this study, D5 is estimated in terms of bus accessibility and rail accessibility as in the study by Lee et al [43]. To measure bus accessibility, first, we calculated a number of bus stops in each zone by using Spatial Statistics tools in GIS.…”

“…The descriptive result ( To estimate rail accessibility, first, we calculated a station area of influence equal to a circle with a radius of 0.55 km (avg. walking distance) whose center is a subway or rail station [43]. Then rail accessibility is estimated as the station area of influence in a zone divided by its total land area (Table 2).…”

“…Many different measures are available to characterize urban form; it is logical to follow the standard framework instead of a random selection. Therefore, we applied the "5Ds" framework, which is accepted as a standard method and extensively used to characterize land-use characteristics at the micro-scale level in travel behavior research [43][44][45]. Furthermore, this study intends to analyze the entire city of Fukuoka at the micro level based on 108 zones.…”

Assessing impacts of the built environment on mobility: A joint choice model of travel mode and duration

“…The main approach is to link built environment variables and the travel choice probabilities through statistical models. The commonly used models include discrete choice models (Ding et al, 2018; Yin et al, 2022) and regression models (Berhie and Haq, 2017; Lee et al, 2016). The most analyzed travel choice is the mode choice.…”

Designing a User Participation-Based Bike Rebalancing Service

“…Such accidents can be critical during rush hour. Furthermore, delivery trucks are prohibited from entering certain areas in the interest of landscape aesthetics and safety in Korea [8]. Another major issue is the economic cost.…”