Impact of Inhalation Aromatherapy with Damask Rose on Anxiety of Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Abstract

Introduction: Coronary artery angiography is a common diagnostic procedure in cardiovascular diseases which could cause fear, stress, anxiety and probably some instability at hemodynamic parameters in the patients before this diagnostic procedure. This study aimed to assess impact of inhalation aromatherapy with damask rose on anxiety of patients undergoing coronary angiography. Methods: A single-blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted with 98 patients at aromatherapy and control group undergoing coronary angiography in the Besat educational hospital of Hamadan, Iran, in 2017. Patients inhaled 5 drops of 40% Rosa Damask essential oil for 20 minutes before the angiography at aromatherapy group and inhaled 5 drops of distilled water for 20 min before the angiography at the control group. Anxiety was measured before and 2 minutes after intervention by state section of state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16 using independent t-test and paired t-test. Results: There was no significant difference between mean of patient's anxiety at aromatherapy and control group before intervention. There was significant difference between mean of patient's anxiety before and after intervention at the aromatherapy group (P<0.001) which could decrease mean of patient's anxiety. In contrast, there was no significant difference between mean of patient's anxiety before and after intervention at control group (P=0.067). Conclusion: Inhalation aromatherapy with Rosa damask essential oil 40% could have a good impact on decreasing anxiety at patients undergoing coronary angiography. Rosa damask essential oil 40% can be used as a complementary therapy to reduce anxiety in patients prior to coronary angiography.

The Effect of Orange Blossom Aromatherapy on the Physiological Parameters and Anxiety of Patients undergoing angiography

“…There are, however, a number of studies whose findings disagree with the findings in the present study [15][16][17]. For example, Najafi et al studied the effects of inhalation aromatherapy with lavender essence on the anxiety level of the patients with myocardial infarction [18], Kamrani et investigated the effect of aromatherapy with lemon essential oil on anxiety after orthopedic surgery [17], Mirmohammad et al investigated the effect of lavender on the anxiety caused by the use of IUD at the health center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences [19], Vahaby et al researched the effect of aromatherapy with rose water on pain severity of labor in nulliparous women [20], and Vaezi et al investigated the effect of inhalation of peppermint oil on depression and anxiety in patients with myocardial infarction who were hospitalized in intensive care units of Sirjan, reporting that aromatherapy was significant in reducing the anxiety level of the patients [21].…”

Evidence for Rosa damascena efficacy in mental disorders in preclinical animal studies and clinical trials: A systematic review

“…(Keyhanmehr et al, 2018; Khalili, Taraghi, & Ilali, 2021; Khalili, Taraghi, Ilali, & Mousavinasab, 2021). Studies were conducted on individuals who had experienced different types of mental disorders including labor anxiety (Kheirkhah et al, 2013; Valipour et al, 2012), sleep disorder (Babaii et al, 2015; Keyhanmehr et al, 2018), depressive disorder (Esfandiary et al, 2018; Farnia, Hojatitabar, et al, 2015; Farnia, Shirzadifar, et al, 2015; Riazi et al, 2021), preoperative anxiety, and work/exam anxiety (Bikmoradi, Roshanaei, Moradkhani, & Fatahi, 2020; Dagli et al, 2019; Dehkordi et al, 2017; Fazlollahpour‐Rokni et al, 2019; Gholami et al, 2019; Hamdamian et al, 2018; Jodaki et al, 2021; Mirzaee Jirdehi et al, 2021; Najafi et al, 2020; Noorian et al, 2020; Riazi et al, 2021; Sadeghi et al, 2020; Tazakori et al, 2016; Zare et al, 2020), and migraine (Kamali et al, 2019; Maddahian et al, 2017). In reported publications, R. damascena was used as an EO, extract (Esfandiary et al, 2018; Tazakori et al, 2016), essence, and a dried plant (Riazi et al, 2021).…”

Rosa Damascena mill for treating adults' anxiety, depression, and stress: A systematic review and dose–response meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials

“…The data of two publications, which used SAI and VASA among the same participants, were pooled in the overall analysis to count individual participants in the meta‐analysis only once (Kheirkhah et al, 2014; Setayeshvali Pour et al, 2012). Due to the same reason, the data of two publications, which used SAI and depression, anxiety, and stress scale‐21 items (DASS‐21), were pooled (Bikmoradi et al, 2020; 2021). Accordingly, 24 and 6 ESs were combined for state and trait anxiety, respectively.…”

“…Spielberger state–trait anxiety inventory (STAI) was used in 16 studies, seven of which used both trait anxiety inventory (TAI, score: 20–80) and state anxiety inventory (SAI, score: 20–80) (Abbasijahromi et al, 2020; Babaii et al, 2015; Barati et al, 2016; Fazlollahpour‐Rokni et al, 2019; Haehner et al, 2017; Najafi et al, 2020; Sadeghi et al, 2020). Furthermore, SAI was applied in nine studies (Babatabar Darzi et al, 2020; Bikmoradi et al, 2020; Dagli et al, 2019; Gholami et al, 2019; Hamdamian et al, 2018; Jodaki et al, 2021; Setayeshvali Pour et al, 2012; Tazakori et al, 2016; Zare et al, 2020). Out of the seven studies that used both dimensions of STAI, one with the posttest‐only control group design was not included in the meta‐analysis (Haehner et al, 2017).…”

“…Based on the literature, peri‐operative anxiety did not change significantly among the participants who received RDM through inhalation and those who received the placebo or the routine care (Abbasijahromi et al, 2020; Babatabar Darzi et al, 2020; Dagli, Avcu, Metin, Kiymaz, & Ciftci, 2019; Fazlollahpour‐Rokni, Shorofi, Mousavinasab, Ghafari, & Esmaeili, 2019). In addition, neither oral intake nor inhalation of RDM had significant effects on pre‐procedural anxiety amongst cardiac catheterization candidates (Babaii, Abbasinia, Fakhreddin Hejazi, Seyyed Tabaei, & Dehghani, 2015; Ali Bikmoradi, Roshanaei, Moradkhani, & Fatahi, 2020; Tazakori, Babaei, Karimollahi, Ahmadian‐Attari, & Bayat, 2016). Similarly, RDM inhalation aromatherapy had no significant effects on the anxiety of patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU) (Zare, Shahabinejad, & Sadeghi, 2020).…”