Impact of intermediate ethanol blends on particulate matter emission from a spark ignition direct injection (SIDI) engine

Cho, Jaeho; Si, Woosung; Jang, Wonwook; Jin, Dongyoung; Myung, Cha Lee; Park, Simsoo

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.08.010

Cited by 76 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The effect of injection timing on particulate emissions is typically dependent on the engine and load [19][20][21] , early injection can reduce PN emissions as there is more time for mixture preparation, however too early an injection can result in the fuel impinging on the piston, causing piston wetting and the fuel to burn in a pool fire, resulting in a sharp increase in particulate emissions. It is therefore expected that, depending on the initial timing, load, and engine geometry, an initial fall in PN will be seen, followed by a gentler increase as the injection timing is advanced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sub-23 nm Particulate Emissions from a Highly Boosted GDI Engine

Leach¹,

Lewis²,

Akehurst³

et al. 2019

SAE Technical Paper Series

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Downsized, highly boosted, GDI engines are becoming the preferred gasoline engine technology to ensure that increasingly stringent fuel economy and emissions legislation are met. The Ultraboost project engine is a 2.0 L in-line 4-cylinder prototype engine, designed to have the same performance as a 5.0 L V8 naturally aspirated engine but with reduced fuel consumption. It is important to examine Particle Number (PN) emissions from such extremely highly boosted engines to ensure that they are capable of meeting current and future emissions legislation. The effect of such high boosting on PN emissions is reported in this paper for a variety of operating points and engine operating parameters. The effect of engine load, air fuel ratio, fuel injection pressure, fuel injection timing, ignition timing, inlet air temperature, EGR level, and exhaust back pressure have all been investigated. It is shown that PN emissions increase with increases in cooled, external EGR and engine load, and decrease with increases in fuel injection pressure and inlet air temperature. PN emissions are shown to fall with increased exhaust back pressure, a key parameter for highly boosted engines. The effects of these parameters on the particle size distributions from the engine have also been evaluated. Significant changes to the particle size spectrum emitted from the engine are seen depending on the engine operating point. Operating points with a bias towards very small particle sizes were noted.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sub-23 nm Particulate Emissions from a Highly Boosted GDI Engine

Leach¹,

Lewis²,

Akehurst³

et al. 2019

SAE Technical Paper Series

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Higher octane numbers allow engine operations at higher compression ratios and hence greater thermal efficiencies [5][6][7][8]. When ethanol is added to the fuel, it burns in a cleaner manner and releases fewer regulated emissions in comparison to pure gasoline [9][10][11][12][13][14]. The US Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007 [15] endorsed a mandatory target to increase the transportation renewable fuel use from 9 billion gallons in 2008 to 36 billion gallons by 2022.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of the octane response of gasoline/ethanol blends

2017

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“…Injecting fuel too early could lead to fuel impingement on combustion chamber surfaces and hence pool fires-a source of high levels of PM emissions [2,72]. On the other hand, retarding the fuel injection timings can lead to insufficient time for air-fuel mixing which may produce higher particle number emissions as well [3,12,[68][69][70][71][72][83][84][85]. Therefore, for any given combustion system, there exists an optimal injection timing (neither too early nor too late), which produces the minimal amount of PM emissions.…”

Section: Fuel Injection Timing and Injection Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They found that as injection timing was advanced (260 • to 300 • CA bTDC), particle number emissions initially decreased then subsequently increased after 340 • CA bTDC. On the other hand, Cho et al [72] investigated the impact of injection timing (260 • to 340 • CA bTDC) and found that PM emissions slightly decreased for retarded injection timing at 280 • CA bTDC and then increased to 340 • CA bTDC. The effects of injection timing variation on PM number emissions are summarized in Figure 6.…”

Section: Fuel Injection Timing and Injection Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Particulate Number (PN) Emissions from Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) Engines and Their Control Techniques

et al. 2018

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Particulate Matter (PM) emissions from gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines, particularly Particle Number (PN) emissions, have been studied intensively in both academia and industry because of the adverse effects of ultrafine PM emissions on human health and other environmental concerns. GDI engines are known to emit a higher number of PN emissions (on an engine-out basis) than Port Fuel Injection (PFI) engines, due to the reduced mixture homogeneity in GDI engines. Euro 6 emission standards have been introduced in Europe (and similarly in China) to limit PN emissions from GDI engines. This article summarises the current state of research in GDI PN emissions (engine-out) including a discussion of PN formation, and the characteristics of PN emissions from GDI engines. The effect of key GDI engine operating parameters is analysed, including air-fuel ratio, ignition and injection timing, injection pressure, and EGR; in addition the effect of fuel composition on particulate emissions is explored, including the effect of oxygenate components such as ethanol.

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Impact of intermediate ethanol blends on particulate matter emission from a spark ignition direct injection (SIDI) engine

Cited by 76 publications

References 43 publications

Sub-23 nm Particulate Emissions from a Highly Boosted GDI Engine

Sub-23 nm Particulate Emissions from a Highly Boosted GDI Engine

Optimization of the octane response of gasoline/ethanol blends

A Review of Particulate Number (PN) Emissions from Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) Engines and Their Control Techniques

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