Impact of Intestinal and Urinary Tracts Obstruction on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Dromedary Camels

The current study was planned to document the status of acid-base status and blood gases in camels with urinary tract disorders together with the hemato-biochemical parameters. Twenty-nine camels with urinary disorders were examined. Urinary disorders included cystitis, urine retention, hydronephrosis, red urine, renal masses, ruptured bladder and ruptured urethra. Fifteen healthy camels were used as controls. Compared to a value of 7.54±0.16 in healthy camels, the blood pH in camels with urinary disorders was 7.30±0.15. The HCO3 level has decreased in diseased versus control camels. However, the PCO2 was higher in camels with urinary disorders compared to healthy ones. The PO2 in this study was lower in camels with urinary disorders than healthy animals. However, the TCO2 was higher in diseased than healthy camels. In contrast, the SO2 was decreased in diseased camels compared to healthy controls. Lactate concentration did not differ significantly between diseased camels and controls. Neutrophilic leukocytosis and lymphopenia were the remarkable hematological changes in diseased camels when compared to healthy controls. In comparison to healthy controls, the serum concentration of albumin was highly significantly decreased in camels with urinary diseases compared to controls. In contrast, the globulin concentration was significantly high in camels with diseased animals compared to controls. Other remarkable findings included increased serum concentration of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine and glucose. In conclusion, in comparison to values in the healthy camels, the blood pH, HCO3, PO2 and O2 are lower in camels with urinary disorders; however, the PCO2 and TCO2 were higher in the diseased camels versus healthy animals. Additional outstanding results in diseased camels include neutrophilic leukocytosis, hypoalbuminemia, hyperglobulinemia, hyperglycemia, and increased concentrations of BUN and creatinine.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Acid-base Balance, Blood Gases and Hemato-biochemical Parameters in Arabian Camels with Different Urinary Tract Disorders

2023

“…These disorders may include lameness, mastitis, rumen acidosis, ketosis, milk fever, left-displaced abomasum, fatty liver, hypophosphatemia, post-parturient hemoglobinuria, subacute ruminal acidosis, retained placenta and metritis (Tharwat et al 2004a, b;Sundrum 2015). Many researches had reported and emphasized the diagnostic and prognostic indicators of several biomarkers in animal´s species (Tharwat 2012(Tharwat , 2020a2023;Tharwat et al 2012aTharwat et al , 2013aTharwat et al , b, c, d, e, 2014a2024;Al-Sobayil 2014a, b, 2015a;2018a, b;2020, 2022aAl-Sobayil and Tharwat 2021;Tharwat and El-Deeb 2021;Almundarij and Tharwat 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic and Hematological Biomarkers Alterations during the Transition Period in Healthy Farm Animals: A Review

2024

In the dairy animals, a critical stage particularly 3 weeks before and 3 weeks after parturition is named as the transition phase or period (TP), which is one of the most crucial physiological periods as almost all of the metabolic as well as infectious diseases happen during this stage. For addressing nutritional requirements and fulfill managemental strategic approaches to overcome these physiological and metabolic changes occurring at this period, a lot of research had been carried out for the better understanding of the biology of the animals during transition stage. Although these attempts, the dairy animal persist to show higher rates of metabolic diseases that are harmful to the welfare of animals and also for its productivity with following a significant financial impact on the stockholders. Several production diseases were encountered during TP; these disorders may include lameness, mastitis, rumen acidosis, ketosis, milk fever, leftdisplaced abomasum, fatty liver, hypophosphatemia, post-parturient hemoglobinuria, subacute ruminal acidosis, retained placenta and metritis. This review article emphasizes the significance changes during the TP in farm animals including cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats and camels. This review will discuss alterations that occur physiologically during TP either in the hematological or biochemical parameters. In addition, hepatic fat contents, acute phase proteins, bone biomarkers, apoptosis of leukocytes and hepatocytes and nutrient metabolism biomarkers, oxidative stress and biomarkers of inflammation changes during TP.

“…Diseases and disorders of the urinary system in small ruminants are numerous. Of them discolored urine, renal failure, cystitis, pyelonephritis, ruptured urethra, ruptured urinary bladder, hydronephrosis, paralysis of the bladder wall and urolithiasis (Kimberling and Arnold 1983;Braun et al 1992;Tharwat 2021a;Almundarij and Tharwat 2023). Corynebacterium renale (C. renale) has been documented to cause pyelonephritis in sheep and goats (Higgins and Weaver 1981;Elias et al 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppurative Pyelonephritis in a Caprine Buck: Clinical, Laboratory, Ultrasonographic and Pathologic Findings

2023

This report emphasizes the clinical presentation, hematological and biochemical changes, and ultrasonographic and pathologic findings in a caprine buck with bilateral suppurative pyelonephritis. A 9-month-old male caprine buck was referred for examination. Two blood samples were collected on EDTA and heparin. The main clinical presentation of the case under investigation included anorexia, diarrhea, abdominal distension, and intermittent dribbling of discolored urine during the last three weeks. The buck has been admitted in a depressed state, head lowering, and abdomen distended. Voided urine was centrifuged, and hematuria was proved upon getting urine sedimentation. Results of acidbase balance and blood gases included metabolic acidosis. The PO2, BE, HCO3, TCO2, and sO2 were low while the Anion Gap was high compared to reference ranges. The tested hematological parameters red blood cells, hematocrit, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin were low while total white blood cells and neutrophils were high, and lymphocytes were low. The most important biochemical findings included hyperproteinemia, hyperglobulinemia, hyperglycemia, and marked elevation in blood urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations. During abdominal ultrasonography, a massive amount of peritoneal effusion was found in the peritoneal cavity and the urinary bladder appeared severely distended with echogenic urine. Renal scanning revealed the kidney architecture was misshaped, the renal pelvis was dilated, and the cortex and medulla could be differentiated. All these findings were confirmed postmortem. On histological examination of renal specimens, the renal cortex, and medulla showed diffuse suppurative pyelonephritis. Conclusively, ultrasound was very useful in the verification of pyelonephritis in the buck. It was especially helpful in scanning the renal parenchyma and detecting the abnormal architecture and misshaping of the kidneys. It also revealed severe urinary bladder distension with echogenic urine sediments as well as considerable amounts of peritoneal effusions. In spite of all these results, the histological examination of the kidneys remains the final and decisive diagnosis in such cases.