Impact of inulin and yeast containing synbiotic on calves' productivity and greenhouse gas production

Abstract

<jats:p>Aim: The research aimed to determine the impact of synbiotic: 6 g of prebiotic inulin and 5 g of probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain 1026 on calves' productivity and greenhouse gas (GHG) production. Materials and Methods: The research was conducted with 10 Holstein Friesian and Red Holstein (Bos taurus L.) crossbreed calves of mean age 33±6 days and initial body weight 73.4±12.75 kg. We added the synbiotic into the diet of five dairy crossbreed calves (SynG) and five calves in control group (CoG) received non-supplemented diet. The duration of the experiment was 56 days. The weight of calves and amount of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the rumen were determined on day 1, 28, and 56. On day 56, three calves from each group were slaughtered. Meat samples were assessed for some indicators of meat quality. The main methanogens were detected in the rumen fluid and feces. Results: The weight gain during the whole experiment period of 56 days was higher in the SynG (62.6±13.75 kg) compared to CoG (36.8±7.98 kg) calves (p&lt;0.01). There were no significant differences in the levels of protein (%), fat (unsaturated and saturated – %), and cholesterol (mg/100 g) in meat samples from both groups. At the end of the experiment, the amount of CH4 in calves' rumen in CoG was higher (Me=792.06 mg/m3, interquartile range [IQR] 755.06-873.59) compared to SynG (Me=675.41 mg/m3, IQR 653.46-700.50) group (p&lt;0.01). The values for CO2 were also increased in CoG (Me=4251.28 mg/m3, IQR 4045.58-4426.25) compared to SynG (Me=3266.06 mg/m3, IQR 1358.98-4584.91) group (p=0.001). There were no significant differences in the calves' weight and certain methanogen species in rumen liquid and feces on the 56th day of the experiment. Significantly higher results in the parameter total prokaryotes (V3) (bacteria+archaea) in rumen fluid were in SynG, whereas significantly higher results in the parameter total methanogens Met630/803 in rumen fluid were in CoG, p&lt;0.05. Conclusion: The main results showed that the synbiotic can increase the daily weight gain in calves and decrease the amount of GHG in rumen but does not impact different methanogen species in rumen liquid and feces and meat protein, fat, and cholesterol levels.</jats:p>

The Effects of Single or Combined Supplementation of Probiotics and Prebiotics on Growth Performance, Dietary Energetics, Carcass Traits, and Visceral Mass in Lambs Finished under Subtropical Climate Conditions

“…This dosage level is within the previously observed effective range for positive growth performance responses to supplemental eubiotics [ 36 , 37 ]. Enhancement of both ADG and G:F without an effect on DMI is represented by a consistent growth performance response in feedlot lambs supplemented with a combination of probiotics with prebiotics [ 38 , 39 , 40 ]. Several arguments have been put forward to try to explain the greater benefit obtained with the combination.…”

Ghrelin Immunoreactive Cell Amounts in the Abomasum in 4-Month-Old Calves by Feeding Different Amounts of Prebiotics and New Synbiotics

“…The control group (CoG) were only fed with whole milk. Prebiotic group calves were fed milk with Jerusalem artichoke (produced by “LTD Herbe”) additive which had an inulin concentration of 50% because usually, Jerusalem artichoke contains a 15–20% inulin concentration on its own [ 5 , 6 , 16 ]. Prebiotic group calves were fed milk with the following Jerusalem artichoke additive to milk: 6 g Jerusalem artichoke powder (3 g inulin; denoted PreG 6 ); 12 g Jerusalem artichoke powder (6 g inulin; denoted PreG 12 ); and 24 g Jerusalem artichoke powder (12 g inulin; denoted PreG 24 ).…”

“…There is a search for a synbiotic that provides additional advantages to animal growth, food metabolism, and health ratings in contrast to addition to probiotics or prebiotics. Moreover, synbiotics are being made that can decrease GHG emission and increase food uptake digestion and other nutrients such a vitamin, microelement, and protein availability [ 5 , 6 ]. With increased food digestion and absorption in animals with identical nutrient uptake, hunger decreases that lowers ghrelin immunoreactive (IR) cell activity.…”

“…Prebiotics contain oligosaccharides that are indigestible by enzymes that can ferment digestive tract bacteria by obtaining energy, modeling their growth and activity that improves gastrointestinal tract function, immune system, and health as a whole [2][3][4]. Probiotics are composed of viable microorganisms needed for digestive tract function that decrease pathogens in the digestive tract, facilitate weight increase, and optimize immune system function by leaving an overall positive effect of the whole organism [5,6]. Prebiotics are used together with probiotics as a synbiotic to increase the positive effects [1,7].…”