Impact of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy on gut microbiota: a metagenomic comparative analysis

Farin, William; Oñate, Florian Plaza; Plassais, Jonathan; Bonny, Christophe; Beglinger, Christoph; Woelnerhanssen, Bettina; Nocca, David; Magoulès, Frédéric; Pons, Nicolas; Cervino, Alessandra; Ehrlich, S. Dusko

doi:10.1016/j.soard.2020.03.014

Cited by 54 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The microbial changes were not associated with the type of bariatric surgery. Most studies have shown alterations in the faecal microbiota after bariatric surgery, both in man and mouse, but not all have shown differences related to the operation type [37][38][39][40]. The weight-loss following bariatric surgery has partly been attributed to the microbiota changes since transplantation of faeces from operated to nonoperated obese mice has induced weight loss [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Faecal Microbiota Analyses on Species-Level Suitable Clinical Biomarkers? A Pilot Study in Subjects with Morbid Obesity

Farup

Maseng

2021

Microorganisms

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Background: An abnormal faecal microbiota could be a causal factor for disease. This study evaluated a new method for faecal microbiota analysis in subjects with obesity and irritable bowel syndrome. Methods: The study had a matched case-control design. Forty-six subjects with morbid obesity (defined as BMI > 40 or >35 kg/m2 with obesity-related complications) of whom 23 had irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), were compared with 46 healthy volunteers. The faecal microbiota was analysed with Precision Microbiome Profiling (PMP™) which quantified 104 bacteria species. The primary aim was comparisons between the cases and controls. Results: Two men and 44 women with a mean age of 43.6 years were included in each of the groups; BMI in the groups was (mean and SD) 41.9 (3.5) and 22.5 (1.5) kg/m2, respectively. Seventeen bacterial species showed statistically significant differences between the groups after adjusting for multiple testing. In a post hoc analysis, the sensitivity and specificity were 78%. Alpha diversity was lower in the group with obesity. In subjects with morbid obesity, no clinically significant differences were seen between subjects with and without IBS or from before to six months after bariatric surgery. Conclusions: The results encourage further evaluation of the new microbiome profiling tool.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Faecal Microbiota Analyses on Species-Level Suitable Clinical Biomarkers? A Pilot Study in Subjects with Morbid Obesity

Farup

Maseng

2021

Microorganisms

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“…Others showed that a change to oral-like microbiome occurs after distal gastrectomy, with an increase in Escherichia-Shigella, Enterococcus, Streptococcus , and other typical oral cavity bacteria ( Veillonella, Oribacterium, and Mogibacterium ) abundance [58]. Changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiome that occur after bariatric surgery can have long-term metabolic consequences that need to be elucidated [59, 60].…”

Section: Gut Microbiota Rolementioning

confidence: 99%

Gastric Cancer Microbiome

et al. 2021

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Identifying a microbiome pattern in gastric cancer (GC) is hugely debatable due to the variation resulting from the diversity of the studied populations, clinical scenarios, and metagenomic approach. H. pylori remains the main microorganism impacting gastric carcinogenesis and seems necessary for the initial steps of the process. Nevertheless, an additional non-H. pylori microbiome pattern is also described, mainly at the final steps of the carcinogenesis. Unfortunately, most of the presented results are not reproducible, and there are no consensual candidates to share the H. pylori protagonists. Limitations to reach a consistent interpretation of metagenomic data include contamination along every step of the process, which might cause relevant misinterpretations. In addition, the functional consequences of an altered microbiome might be addressed. Aiming to minimize methodological bias and limitations due to small sample size and the lack of standardization of bioinformatics assessment and interpretation, we carried out a comprehensive analysis of the publicly available metagenomic data from various conditions relevant to gastric carcinogenesis. Mainly, instead of just analyzing the results of each available publication, a new approach was launched, allowing the comprehensive analysis of the total sample amount, aiming to produce a reliable interpretation due to using a significant number of samples, from different origins, in a standard protocol. Among the main results, Helicobacter and Prevotella figured in the “top 6” genera of every group. Helicobacter was the first one in chronic gastritis (CG), gastric cancer (GC), and adjacent (ADJ) groups, while Prevotella was the leader among healthy control (HC) samples. Groups of bacteria are differently abundant in each clinical situation, and bacterial metabolic pathways also diverge along the carcinogenesis cascade. This information may support future microbiome interventions aiming to face the carcinogenesis process and/or reduce GC risk.

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“…For example, at the phylum level, Proteobacteria were increased after RYGB in numerous studies [3, 4, 10, 34]. In addition, at the genus level, Prevotella [8, 35] and Viellonella [3, 34, 36] were increased following RYGB in multiple studies. Despite these similarities, substantial inconsistencies in microbial profiles following surgery have also been observed across different cohorts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our study also revealed an in increase in Akkermensia within the Verrucomicrobia phylum. Akkermensia contains mucin degrading microbes and has been shown to increase after bariatric surgery in several studies [3, 12, 36, 44]. Previous animal studies have shown that Akkermensia muciniphila protects against obesity and diabetes through enhancing the intestinal epithelium barrier and potentially decreasing endotoxemia and low-grade inflammation [45, 46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Microbial Signature Following Bariatric Surgery is Robustly Consistent Across Multiple Cohorts

Fouladi

Carroll

Sharpton

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundBariatric surgery induces significant shifts in the gut microbiota which could potentially contribute to weight loss and metabolic benefits. The aim of this study was to characterize a microbial signature following Roux-en-Y Gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery using novel and existing gut microbiota sequence data.ResultsWe generated 16S rRNA gene and metagenomic sequences from fecal samples from patients undergoing RYGB surgery (n = 61 for 16S rRNA gene and n = 135 for metagenomics). We compared these data with three smaller publicly available 16S rRNA gene and one metagenomic datasets from patients who also underwent RYGB surgery. Mixed linear models and machine learning approaches were used to examine the presence of a common microbial signature across studies. Comparison of our new sequences with previous longitudinal studies revealed strikingly similar profiles in both fecal microbiota composition (r = 0.41 ± 0.10; p < 0.05) and metabolic pathways (r = 0.70 ± 0.05; p < 0.001) early after surgery across multiple datasets. Machine learning approaches revealed that the replicable gut microbiota signature associated with RYGB surgery could be used to discriminate pre- and post-surgical samples. Opportunistic pathogen abundance also increased post-surgery in a consistent manner across cohorts.ConclusionOur study reveals a robust microbial signature involving many commensal and pathogenic taxa and metabolic pathways early after RYGB surgery across different studies and sites. Characterization of the effects of this robust microbial signature on outcomes of bariatric surgery could provide insights into the development of microbiome-based interventions for predicting or improving outcomes following surgery.Trial Registrationclinicaltrials.gov, number NCT03065426. Registered 27 February 2017, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03065426

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Impact of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy on gut microbiota: a metagenomic comparative analysis

Cited by 54 publications

References 46 publications

Are Faecal Microbiota Analyses on Species-Level Suitable Clinical Biomarkers? A Pilot Study in Subjects with Morbid Obesity

Are Faecal Microbiota Analyses on Species-Level Suitable Clinical Biomarkers? A Pilot Study in Subjects with Morbid Obesity

Gastric Cancer Microbiome

A Microbial Signature Following Bariatric Surgery is Robustly Consistent Across Multiple Cohorts

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