Impact of lockdown on self-care management among patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus residing in Lucknow city, India – A cross-sectional study

Tiwari, Ajoy; Kumar, Dinesh; Ansari, M. Sib; Chaubey, Santosh Kumar; Gupta, Nitin; Agarwal, Vivek; Chandra, Kumar Prafull; Pande, A. K.; Awasthi, Rajiv; Gupta, Mukulesh; Chowdhary, Sandeep

doi:10.1016/j.cegh.2021.100703

Cited by 14 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Increase in medication adherence among participants trying to maintain good glycemic control during the pandemic was reported in 27% (4/15) [ 18 , 19 , 23 , 24 ] of the studies. Participants had difficulties in sourcing medication due to supply shortages in 53% (8/15) of these studies [ 20 - 22 , 25 , 27 , 29 , 30 , 32 ], with people in rural areas faring worse [ 29 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In one study, the participants reported lower levels of medication adherence due to store closures, fears of contracting the virus if they went outside, and difficulties in purchasing caused by financial constraints due to job losses [ 30 ]. A few studies [ 25 , 28 , 32 ] reported on difficulties in obtaining prescription renewals among participants due to cancellation of physical consultations, and telehealth was used for prescription renewals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A total of 14 studies reported on dietary habits during the pandemic [ 18 - 20 , 24 , 27 , 29 , 30 , 33 , 35 , 37 , 38 , 41 , 45 , 46 ], and 50% (7/14) of these studies [ 19 , 20 , 33 , 37 , 38 , 41 , 46 ] reported improved diet management among their participants. Reasons were of increased time availability, with more meals being prepared at home and lockdown restrictions limiting takeaway consumptions among participants.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self-care Behaviors and Technology Used During COVID-19: Systematic Review

Sakur¹,

Ward²,

Khatri³

et al. 2022

JMIR Hum Factors

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Background Self-care behaviors are essential for people living with chronic conditions; however, the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has imposed additional complications on their daily routines. Few studies have analyzed how self-care behaviors have changed during COVID-19 and the role of digital technology, especially among people with chronic conditions. Objective This study aims to review how self-care behaviors have changed for people with chronic conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic, and what technology they have adopted to manage their conditions during that period. Methods A systematic review was conducted using narrative synthesis. Data were extracted from PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Google Scholar, including articles from December 2019 onward. Eligible studies focused on adults diagnosed with chronic conditions undertaking any self-care tasks in line with the middle-range theory of self-care of chronic illness (ie, self-care maintenance, monitoring, and management). The methodological quality of the included articles was assessed with the McMaster Critical Review Forms for Quantitative or Qualitative Studies. Results In total, 36 primary research articles were included. Changes to self-care behaviors during COVID-19 among people with chronic conditions were organized according to the middle-range theory of self-care of chronic illness focusing on self-care maintenance (ie, medication adherence, physical activity, and diet control), self-care monitoring (ie, monitoring signs and symptoms), and self-care management (ie, consultations with health care providers). Positive self-care behaviors observed include the following: individuals trying to maintain good glycemic control during COVID-19 increased their medication adherence in 27% (10/36) of studies; and diet control improved in 50% (18/36) of studies. Negative self-care behaviors observed include the following: decline in physical activities and increased sedentariness were observed in 65% (23/36) of studies; poor diet control was observed in 57% (21/36) of studies; and self-monitoring of health status dropped in 43% (15/36) of studies. The use of technology to support self-care of chronic conditions during COVID-19 was reported in 72% (26/36) of studies. The actual use of telehealth in place of physical consultations during COVID-19 was observed in 50% (18/36) of studies, and other digital technologies (eg, social media apps, smartphone apps, web-based platforms, and web browsing) were used in 50% (18/36) of studies. Telehealth was discussed and recommended as the default technology in delivering future health care services during COVID-19 and beyond in 77% (28/36) of studies. Conclusions This review highlighted the necessity to rethink how models of self-care should continue to address the demands of chronic conditions while being responsive to the imminent threats of infectious diseases. Perhaps the silver lining of COVID-19 is that adoption of digital technology (especially telehealth) among a vast cross-section of people with chronic conditions is possible. Future research should investigate effective ways to incorporate evidence-based digital health tools into these new models of self-care that address the challenges of chronic and infectious conditions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Self-care Behaviors and Technology Used During COVID-19: Systematic Review

Sakur¹,

Ward²,

Khatri³

et al. 2022

JMIR Hum Factors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…They adopted and implemented new ways to manage the consequence of the restrictions. Tiwari et al [ 32 ] found that around half of the participants included in their study were exercising and checking their blood glucose regularly, felt good and involved themselves in new hobbies. Furthermore, the study by Tiwari et al [ 32 ] showed that family support serves as a buffer to counteract the negative effects of stress on blood glucose.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tiwari et al [ 32 ] found that around half of the participants included in their study were exercising and checking their blood glucose regularly, felt good and involved themselves in new hobbies. Furthermore, the study by Tiwari et al [ 32 ] showed that family support serves as a buffer to counteract the negative effects of stress on blood glucose. This was aligned with the findings of the current study as participants stressed how their families contributed to easing the stress of the lockdown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Experiences of People with Diabetes during COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown

Al‐Moteri

Plummer

Youssef

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Little is known about the theoretical foundation underling the response of people with diabetes managing their everyday routines during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Aim: To explore the experience of people with diabetes during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in light of the risk perception, response and behavioral change theories. Method: A qualitative descriptive design was employed, and Braun and Clark’s six step analysis were used for thematic analysis. Semi-structured interviews were conducted online using Zoom Videos Communication. Result: Five themes were defined as follows: (1) perceived the threat and faced their fears, (2) appraised the damage, (3) identified the challenges, (4) modified their routine, and (5) identified the strengths that facilitate the efficacy of their response. There were eight sub-themes within the themes. Conclusion: The results of this study may provide an opportunity for nurses to reflect on issues highlighted by the patients regarding more effective communication, knowledge and skill development for people to support self-care during national emergencies.

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Managing type 2 diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana: A qualitative study

Amankwah-Poku,

Gordon-Mensah,

Asante

2024

Preprint

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Background The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the lives of many including individuals living with chronic illnesses such as Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in Ghana. This study aimed to explore how people living with T2DM managed their chronic condition during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This study employed the phenomenological approach where interviews were conducted among 10 participants at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital in Ghana. A semi-structured interview guide was used to explore the experiences of participants during the pandemic, focusing on participants’ perceptions about COVID-19 and diabetes management, adherence to treatment regimen during the pandemic, experiences of psychological distress and coping strategies employed. The interviews were transcribed and analysed thematically. Results Four themes were identified related to participants’ experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. These were 1) participants’ perceptions about COVID-19, 2) changes and challenges with diabetes management, 3) psychosocial impact of COVID-19, and 4) coping with diabetes care during the pandemic. Some participants perceived that having diabetes meant they would automatically get infected with COVID-19. All the participants reported experiencing challenges with their diabetes management during the pandemic though a few of them recorded improvements in diabetes management. Psychosocial effects reported were stigmatisation, fear, worry and sadness, due to the ban on social gatherings. Notwithstanding these psychosocial challenges, participants indicated that maintaining diabetes care, engaging in recreational activities, support from family, and religious coping, were strategies used to lessen the COVID-19 psychological distress experienced. Conclusion Findings suggest that people with T2DM should be given psychological support and psychoeducation on appropriate coping skills during pandemics and other unexpected occurrences that could affect their diabetes management.

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Impact of lockdown on self-care management among patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus residing in Lucknow city, India – A cross-sectional study

Cited by 14 publications

References 20 publications

Self-care Behaviors and Technology Used During COVID-19: Systematic Review

Self-care Behaviors and Technology Used During COVID-19: Systematic Review

The Experiences of People with Diabetes during COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown

Managing type 2 diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana: A qualitative study

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