Aims and objectives: To investigate the prevalence and extent of burnout on nurses and its association with personal resilience.Background: With the worldwide shortage of nurses, nurse burnout is considered

Lowe G., Plummer V., O’Brien A.P. & Boyd L. (2012) Time to clarify – the value of advanced practice nursing roles in health care. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(3), 677–685. Abstract Aim.  This article presents a discussion of the importance of providing meaningful advanced practice nursing role definition and clarity to improve international standards of nursing titles and scopes of practice. Background.  A plethora of international literature exists discussing advanced practice nursing roles and their contribution to healthcare delivery in various countries. However, lack of consistency around title, role definition and scope of practice remains. Data sources.  CINAHL and Medline databases were searched using ‘nurse practitioner’, ‘nurse practitioner role’, ‘nurse practitioner practice’, ‘nurse practitioner in public health’, ‘advanced practice nursing roles’ and ‘development of new nursing roles’ with articles limited to years 1995–2010. Citations used in those articles were also explored. All cited articles were in the English language. Discussion.  This article supports the need to strengthen the Nurse Practitioner role in health care and professional clarity is identified as a strategy to enhance this. Themes around role clarity, professional identity, ability to enhance healthcare provision and inter‐professional issues are examined. The need to more clearly articulate advanced nursing roles in light of the evolution of the Nurse Practitioner role is highlighted. Much work has already occurred in this domain and a means of adapting and broadening these developments for a wider, more global audience whilst maintaining local context is discussed. Conclusion.  Although evidence exists that advanced practice nursing roles are increasing internationally, uncertainty around role clarity remains. This is problematic because the valuable contribution of nursing roles is lost, if the ability to clearly express their function does not exist.

Meeting Intensive Care Unit family needs can be achieved by supporting and involving families in the care of the critically ill family member. More emphasis should be placed on identifying the family needs in relation to the influence of cultural values and religion held by the family members and the organisational climate and culture of the working area in the Intensive Care Unit.

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