Impact of Management and Reverse Logistics on Recycling in a War Scenario

Pereira, Nuno; Antunes, José Leopoldo Ferreira; Barreto, Luís

doi:10.3390/su15043835

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In addition, the analysis of the latest sources [41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49] also showed that the greatest attention is paid to the circular economy and civilian logistics, as well as aspects of reverse logistics in it, while such a significant aspect as the interaction of circular and reverse logistics in the military sector is almost not examined. Therefore, this gap allows us to assume and inspire further discussion at the level of scientific research.…”

Section: Disposalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges of Ensuring Reverse Logistics in a Military Organization Using Outsourced Services

Vasilis Vasiliauskas,

Ivanauskas,

Čižiūnienė

2024

Sustainability

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A circular economy is defined as a socially responsible, policy-driven model of business or enterprise operations that contributes to more sustainable society for both current and future generations. Although the implementation of circularity principles in the economy is a long process, the impact it creates on sustainability is long-term, and its benefits will be felt by all future generations. Therefore, the development of circularity in the European Union’s economy must progress, and more and more organizations should implement it as a good practice. The object of the article is the cooperation of civil sector outsourced services and the country’s military forces in the field of reverse logistics. Using a qualitative research methodology, the article demonstrates the potential for the country’s military forces to support the European Union’s circular economy initiative in the context of sustainability. This includes reducing the consumption of natural resources by increasing the value of the closed-loop supply chain and keeping products suitable for consumption as long as possible. Considering the fact that there is limited information dissemination within the military sector, this research presents one of the few opportunities to examine the integration of civilian and military sector efforts for sustainable development from a practical and scientific perspective. The conducted research demonstrates that the closed-loop supply chain and the military’s reverse logistics processes take place but are not fully integrated into one whole. They lack a unified whole directed towards a common goal when reverse logistics activities are correlated to closed-loop supply chain and national circular economy goals, as well as ensuring sustainability. Outsourced services are available and used in the military, in many cases even for reverse logistics activities (repair, storage, transportation, modernization, etc.). This research made it possible to prepare a conceptual model for the organization of the military’s reverse logistics using outsourced services, thereby ensuring the creation of a sustainable supply chain.

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Section: Disposalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges of Ensuring Reverse Logistics in a Military Organization Using Outsourced Services

Vasilis Vasiliauskas,

Ivanauskas,

Čižiūnienė

2024

Sustainability

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“…This complicates the management of logistics for the materiel supply. Existing publications consider the materiel supply in peacetime for the formation of the planned reserves in case of war, and not during military operations [11][12][13].…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of logistics of war reserve stockpiling for successful combat operations

Fedorovich

Lukhanin²,

Prokhorov³

et al. 2023

reks

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This paper formulates and solves a multivariate problem related to modeling the logistics of war reserve stockpiling for successful combat operations in the armed conflict area. The relevance of the study is related to a comprehensive solution to the problem of war reserve stockpiling to fulfill the objectives of a military operation, considering the capabilities of materiel suppliers, complex logistics of war materiel transportation to armed conflict areas, and military threats arising from the martial law in the country. The study creates a set of models that allow: prioritizing war materiel types for reserve stockpiling; formulating requirements for the size of reserves; selection of a rational structure of logistics supply chain, considering the risks of military threats; ensuring the success of combat operations in the armed conflict area. The article analyzes the existing problems of war reserve stockpiling under martial law, which arose due to: the variety of war materiel; small supply batches; different materiel manufacturers and suppliers located at a great distance from the armed conflict area; heterogeneous transport environment of supply; risks associated with military threats during war materiel reserve stockpiling. A method of presenting the importance of certain war materiel types for supply to the armed conflict area is proposed, considering the combat capability of individual weapons and assessments of military experts. The requirements for the amount of war materiel reserve in the interval representation, from the minimum to the maximum value of the inventory, have been formed. The minimum war materiel reserve to be used in the armed conflict area provides the necessary parity of military forces. Simultaneously, the nature of hostilities does not change, but the risks associated with the enemy's actions to destroy the war materiel reserve (war of reserves) may manifest themselves. The maximum war materiel reserve provides confidence in achieving the objectives of a military operation in the armed conflict area, but is difficult to implement due to the limited capabilities of weapons and materiel suppliers and existing military threats. An optimization model for the war reserve stockpiling was created, considering the limited capabilities of suppliers, permissible time for reserve stockpiling, and the risks that may arise from military threats and their impact on the logistics of war materiel supply (war of logistics). An optimization model for the war reserve stockpiling was developed, considering the combat capability of certain types of weapons, which makes it possible to create asymmetry in the military parity of forces due to the increased combat characteristics of modern weapons (quality over quantity). Due to the multitude of materiel manufacturers (possible suppliers) and various variants for the formation of supply chain, the task of enumeration of possible variants for the composition and structures of the logistics supply chain for war reserve stockpiling was formed and solved. The number of warehouse variants and logistics supply chain structures is estimated using the methods of enumeration theory, and a set of variants is formed for subsequent comparison and selection of a rational option. An optimization model for the formation of logistics links in the supply chain was created to form the necessary war reserve stocks in the armed conflict area. The example of HIMARS MLRS stockpiling illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach for successful combat operations in the armed conflict area, using both quantitative and qualitative assessments when comparing possible stockpiling variants. The scientific novelty of the study is related to the development of a set of original optimization models, models of the variant enumeration for the structures of the logistics supply chain, which allows scientifically sound formulation of requirements for the size of the war reserve stock for successful fulfillment of the objectives of a military operation in the armed conflict area, considering the capabilities of materiel suppliers, long supply chains in a heterogeneous transport environment, short delivery time, and the risks of military threats. It is advisable to use the results of the study for planning war reserve stock, for their effective use in the combat zone, justifying the composition of materiel manufacturers and suppliers, forming a logistics supply chain, which will ensure the success of combat operations in the armed conflict area.

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“…Challenges and threats lead to an increase in risks (political-economic, climatic, terroristic and military threats, etc.) [10,11]. In conditions of a stable economy, long logistics chains are economically profitable due to small threats [12,13].…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of the relocation of high-tech enterprises for the release of innovative products

Fedorovich

Prokhorov

Pronchakov

et al. 2023

reks

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A multivariate task related to the modeling of high-tech enterprises relocation under new challenges and threats is described and solved. The relevance of the study is related to the complex solution of the complex task of moving a high-tech enterprise to a new location for the production of competitive products. The purpose of the publication is to present the created set of models that allow: to justify the choice of the location (locations) of the enterprise; to form a set of suppliers of components, considering long logistics chains; and to research the relocation of a high-tech enterprise in a special period related to martial law. The existing problems of the relocation of high-tech enterprises are analyzed: the change in the political and economic conditions of global and local production; existing long logistics supply chains of components that have vulnerabilities and are triggered when threats appear; the problem of the location of distributed production in a large area; economic losses due to complex distributed logistics of supply of components; many manufacturers of components that provide the main production process; the problem of relocation (evacuation) of enterprises in a special period, in the conditions of martial law. The model for choosing a new location for the enterprise is proposed, considering contradictory indicators: the cost (rent) of land plots for the location of the enterprise; territory preparation for the location of the enterprise; logistics costs for the enterprise moving; expenses for training (retraining) of workers; relocation project risks; etc. Taking into account the combinatorial nature of the task under consideration and the complexity of the location of the distributed enterprise (not in one, but in several locations), a model of rational placement of production was created. A method of choosing a set of suppliers of components for high-tech enterprises is developed; this method considers the length of logistics chains, the time spent on delivery, the quality of components produced by suppliers, and supply risks. A multi-criteria optimization model for choosing suppliers is created, considering some contradictory indicators. The model of relocation (evacuation) of a high-tech enterprise in a special period, in the conditions of wartime threats and risks of moving technological equipment, is proposed. A simulation model is developed to study the logistics of enterprise relocation in the form of an agent-based representation; this model simulates the events associated with the sequence of relocation actions: dismantling of technological equipment, transportation of equipment, and installation of enterprise subsystems. The emergence of threats and the consequences of their actions, which are associated with a violation of the logistics of moving the enterprise, are simulated. An illustrated example of the study of enterprise relocation in the conditions of the emergence of threats and the cessation of technological equipment movement, which leads to the search for new routes with minimal transportation risks, is given. The scientific novelty of the study is associated with the development of a complex of original optimization models, an agent-based simulation model, which allows for a scientifically justified forming requirements for the relocation of a high-tech enterprise to a new location, for ensuring the reduction of long logistics chains for the supply of components, for minimization logistics costs, for the formation of relatively dangerous logistics channels and supply routes, for minimization of risks in the conditions of new challenges and threats of a political and economic nature. The results of the study should be used for planning the relocation project of a high-tech enterprise, for the formation of measures and actions related to the relocation of a high-tech enterprise, for the creation of new safe logistics supply chains, and for the evacuation of the enterprise in a special period.

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Impact of Management and Reverse Logistics on Recycling in a War Scenario

Cited by 7 publications

References 43 publications

Challenges of Ensuring Reverse Logistics in a Military Organization Using Outsourced Services

Challenges of Ensuring Reverse Logistics in a Military Organization Using Outsourced Services

Modeling of logistics of war reserve stockpiling for successful combat operations

Modeling of the relocation of high-tech enterprises for the release of innovative products

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