Impact of Maritime Logistics on Statistical Characteristics of Foreign Trade Indicators of Georgia

Abstract

Introduction. Most of the cargo in foreign trade is transported by the sea. That is why the development of foreign trade relations without proper sea logistics is impossible. During the period of the pandemic, this was the area that functioned most successfully. In 2021, Georgia has increased the volume of exports, imports, re-exports, local exports by sea transport, while improving the structure of exports and imports.
 Aim and tasks. The aim of the paper was revealing the trends of foreign trade by sea transport in Georgia. In the research process, general methods, as well as specific statistical methods were used, such as: observation, aggregation and analysis: mean values, ratios, variation analysis, dynamic sequences, selective observations, etc.
 Results. Since 2016, sea transport has consistently held one of the leading positions in trade relations. In 2021 alone, maritime exports increased by 27% compared to the previous year. In period of 2016-2021, foreign trade in maritime transport increased by an average of 8.4% annually. In 2016-2021, Georgia mainly exports copper ores and concentrates, Ferroalloys, passenger cars and nitrogen, mineral or chemical fertilizers. Statistics in the dynamics over the years show that no change has taken place in the export commodity structure and in general, 73.7% of exports are local exports, which is an increase of 12.5 percentage points compared to 2019. The share of exports by sea in local exports was 57.3% in 2021, which is 2.8 percentage points higher than in 2019. During the whole study period, the volume of locally produced products exported by sea increased by an average of 18.1% per year. The average annual growth rate of re-exports by sea transport in Georgia in 2016-2019 was 140.9%, although in 2020 its volume decreased by 22.2% compared to the previous year, and in 2021 increased by 17% compared to 2020.
 Conclusions. In conclusion, it can be said that sea transport is used quite actively in foreign trade in Georgia, a large part of foreign trade flows in the country are based on maritime transport. The statistical characteristics of foreign trade in the country have improved. The growth trend was maintained even during the period of severe pandemics and lockdowns, which once again emphasizes the advantages of conducting trade processes by sea and the need to use it for other purposes.

Modern Statistical Trends of Exports by Sea Transport to the Cis Countries

“…The usefulness of logistics is determined by the magnitude of the avoidance of expected losses that may arise at a particular time and under a particular market conjuncture. (Abesadze, Abesadze, Robitashvili, & Kinkladze, 2022) After the end of the Covid-19 pandemic, the agenda was to deepen trade relations using all means of transport, although most of Georgia's trade relations, about 49.3%, come from road transport, while 40.6% by sea as of 2022.…”

“…Among the means of available transport today, maritime transport is relevant and often the most convenient for Georgia. (Abesadze, Abesadze, Robitashvili, & Kinkladze, 2022) Aim and tasks. The topic of foreign trade statistics is relevant in Georgia, and many studies have been conducted on this issue.…”

“…Among the analysis methods, the mean values, relative values, variation analysis, dynamic sequences, selective observations are worth mentioning. (Abesadze, Abesadze, Robitashvili, & Kinkladze, 2022) Nowadays the volume of the country's imports is 2.5 times higher than the volume of exports, which means that Georgia still has a historically formed negative trade balance. For the economic growth of Georgia, as a country with an open economy, the increasing rates of foreign trade characteristics are important.…”

Trends in the Growth of Demand for Marine Tourism in Georgia

“…Among the means of transport available today, maritime transport is relevant and often the most convenient for Georgia. (Abesadze, Robitashvili, N.,, Abesadze, O.,, & Kinkladze, R., 2022) At the same time, correct management of these processes is vital. At the modern stage of society development, when it is necessary to manage the connection between the production and the key market in the conditions of the established conjuncture, the correct logistics plays an important role.…”

Formation of Transport Policy Based on International Partnership

“…Three main factors can be identified that have affected logistics-related business processes (Abesadze, 2022;Rahmanov, 2022;Hrashchenko, 2020):…”