Impact of maternal nutrition in pregnancy and lactation on offspring gut microbial composition and function

Chu, Derrick M.; Meyer, Kristen M.; Prince, Amanda; Aagaard, Kjersti M.

doi:10.1080/19490976.2016.1241357

Cited by 150 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 108 publications

(124 reference statements)

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“…The contribution of an altered maternal gut microbiome as a consequence of obesity cannot be ruled out either (75). Maternal pregravid obesity also has the potential to alter offspring gut microbiome (76). Additionally, it is still unclear if pregravid obesity alters the placental microbiome (77) and if changes in placental microbiota composition and/or abundance could contribute to the establishment of immune tolerance in the neonate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Pregravid Obesity Remodels the DNA Methylation Landscape of Cord Blood Monocytes Disrupting Their Inflammatory Program

Sureshchandra

Wilson

Rais

et al. 2017

The Journal of Immunology

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Prepregnancy maternal obesity is associated with adverse outcomes for the offspring, including increased incidence of neonatal bacterial sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis. We recently reported that umbilical cord blood (UCB) monocytes from babies born to obese mothers generate a reduced IL-6/TNF-α response to TLR 1/2 and 4 ligands compared to those collected from lean mothers. These observations suggest altered development of the offspring's immune system, which in turn results in dysregulated function. We therefore investigated transcriptional and epigenetic differences within UCB monocytes stratified by prepregnancy maternal body mass index. We show that UCB monocytes from babies born to obese mothers generate a dampened response to LPS stimulation compared with those born to lean mothers, at the level of secreted immune mediators and transcription. Because gene expression profiles of resting UCB monocytes from both groups were comparable, we next investigated the role of epigenetic differences. Indeed, we detected stark differences in methylation levels within promoters and regulatory regions of genes involved in TLR signaling in resting UCB monocytes. Interestingly, the DNA methylation status of resting cells was highly predictive of transcriptional changes post-LPS stimulation, suggesting that cytosine methylation is one of the dominant mechanisms driving functional inadequacy in UCB monocytes obtained from babies born to obese mothers. These data highlight a potentially critical role of maternal pregravid obesity-associated epigenetic changes in influencing the function of an offspring's monocytes at birth. These findings further our understanding of mechanisms that explain the increased risk of infection in neonates born to mothers with high prepregnancy body mass index.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Pregravid Obesity Remodels the DNA Methylation Landscape of Cord Blood Monocytes Disrupting Their Inflammatory Program

Sureshchandra

Wilson

Rais

et al. 2017

The Journal of Immunology

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“…Our knowledge of how feeding mode, weaning, and solid foods, as well as the timing of dietary shifts, influence the functional capacities of infant GI microbiota and host programming is also limited. As reviewed by Chu and colleagues in this supplement, 144 maternal nutrition during pregnancy and lactation has the potential to effect the composition and function of the microbiota of the offspring. Although compelling, much of the evidence is derived from animal models, thus, additional studies in humans and potential intervention trials are needed to assess whether maternal nutritional status and diet lead to changes in infant microbial colonization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of early life nutrition in the establishment of gastrointestinal microbial composition and function

2017

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The development of the human infant intestinal microbiota is a sequential process that begins in utero and continues during the first 2 to 3 years of life. Microbial composition and diversity are shaped by host genetics and multiple environmental factors, of which diet is a principal contributor. An understanding of this process is of clinical importance as the microbiota acquired in early life influence gastrointestinal, immune and neural development, and reduced microbial diversity or dysbiosis during infancy is associated with disorders in infancy and later childhood. The goal of this article was to review the published literature that used culture-independent methods to describe the development of the gastrointestinal microbiota in breast-and formula-fed human infants as well as the impact of prebiotic and probiotic addition to infant formula, and the addition of solid foods.

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“…Exercise is effective in improving maternal glucose control in some, but not all, women [7][8][9] suggesting that interventions during pregnancy alone may not be sufficient to ameliorate disease risk. 13 It is well established that diet and obesity influence the gut microbiome, 15 but there is limited evidence describing gut microbial populations during healthy pregnancy 16 or in pregnancies complicated by GDM. Our recent review highlights that the adolescent period is critical for establishing optimal health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise improves metabolic function and alters the microbiome in rats with gestational diabetes

et al. 2019

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are Co-senior authors.Abbreviations: ANOVA, analysis of variance; E, embryonic day; Exercise, Exercise before and during pregnancy; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; HFD, high-fat diet; PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma; PregEx, Exercise during pregnancy only; qPCR, quantitative polymerase chain reaction; RNA, ribonucleic acid; SRY, sex-determining region y; X-TOT, total number of x-axis beam breaks. AbstractGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication, particularly prevalent in obese women. Importantly, exercise has beneficial impacts on maternal glucose control and may prevent GDM in "at-risk" women. We aimed to determine whether a high-fat diet (HFD) exacerbates metabolic dysfunction and alters gut microbiome in GDM and whether endurance exercise prevents these changes. Uteroplacental insufficiency was induced by bilateral uterine vessel ligation (Restricted) or sham (Control) surgery on E18 in Wistar-Kyoto rats. Female offspring were fed a Chow or HFD (23% fat) from weaning (5 weeks) and at 16 weeks randomly allocated to remain Sedentary or to an exercise protocol of either Exercise prior to and during pregnancy (Exercise); or Exercise during pregnancy only (PregEx). Females were mated (20 weeks) and underwent indirect calorimetry (embryonic day 16; E16), glucose tolerance testing (E18), followed by 24-hr feces collection at E19 (n = 8-10/group). HFD consumption in female rats with GDM exacerbated the adverse metabolic adaptations to pregnancy and altered gut microbial populations. Specifically, the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio was increased, due to an underlying change in abundance of the orders Clostridiales and Bacteroidales.Maternal Exercise, but not PregEx, prevented the development of metabolic dysfunction, increased pancreatic β-cell mass, and prevented the alteration of the gut microbiome in GDM females. Our findings suggest that maternal exercise and diet influence metabolic and microbiome dysfunction in females with GDM, which may impact long-term maternal and offspring health. K E Y W O R D S exercise training, fetal programming, gestational diabetes, microbiome, obesity, pregnancy adaptations How to cite this article: Mahizir D, Briffa JF, Wood JL, et al. Exercise improves metabolic function and alters the microbiome in rats with gestational diabetes.

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Impact of maternal nutrition in pregnancy and lactation on offspring gut microbial composition and function

Cited by 150 publications

References 108 publications

Maternal Pregravid Obesity Remodels the DNA Methylation Landscape of Cord Blood Monocytes Disrupting Their Inflammatory Program

Maternal Pregravid Obesity Remodels the DNA Methylation Landscape of Cord Blood Monocytes Disrupting Their Inflammatory Program

The role of early life nutrition in the establishment of gastrointestinal microbial composition and function

Exercise improves metabolic function and alters the microbiome in rats with gestational diabetes

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