Conventional
small molecular chemical drugs always have challenging
limitations in cancer therapy due to their high systemic toxicity
and low therapeutic efficacy. Nanotechnology has been applied in drug
delivery, bringing new promising potential to realize effective cancer
treatment. In this context, we develop here a new nanomicellar drug
delivery platform generated by amphiphilic phosphorus dendrons (1-C17G3.HCl),
which could form micelles for effective encapsulation of a hydrophobic
anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) with a high drug loading content
(42.4%) and encapsulation efficiency (96.7%). Owing to the unique
dendritic rigid structure and surface hydrophilic groups, large steady
void space of micelles can be created for drug encapsulation. The
created DOX-loaded micelles with a mean diameter of 26.3 nm have good
colloidal stability. Strikingly, we show that the drug-free micelles
possess good intrinsic anticancer activity and act collectively with
DOX to take down breast cancer cells in vitro and the xenografted
tumor model in vivo through upregulation of Bax, PTEN, and p53 proteins
for enhanced cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, the resulting 1-C17G3.HCl@DOX
micelles significantly abolish the toxicity relevant to the free drug.
The findings of this study demonstrate a unique nanomicelle-based
drug delivery system created with the self-assembling amphiphilic
phosphorus dendrons that may be adapted for chemotherapy of different
cancer types.