Impact of MSW landfill on the environmental contamination of phthalate esters

Phthalate esters contamination in soil and plants on agricultural land near an electronic waste recycling site

“…According to previous studies, leafy vegetables might accumulate more organic pollutants because of their large surface area exposed to the atmosphere (Ryan et al 1988). Nevertheless, in the present investigation, PAE concentrations in leafy vegetables tended to be lower than in root vegetables, similar with the conclusion achieved by Liu et al (2010a) and Top et al (1986). The possible reason might be that organic chemicals with higher vapor pressure such as DEHP and DnOP are more apt to exchanges on leaf interface, including more absorption and volatilization through leaves to the whole plant (Liu et al 2010a), so that more volatilization of these pollutants also exists at the same time.…”

“…Nevertheless, in the present investigation, PAE concentrations in leafy vegetables tended to be lower than in root vegetables, similar with the conclusion achieved by Liu et al (2010a) and Top et al (1986). The possible reason might be that organic chemicals with higher vapor pressure such as DEHP and DnOP are more apt to exchanges on leaf interface, including more absorption and volatilization through leaves to the whole plant (Liu et al 2010a), so that more volatilization of these pollutants also exists at the same time. This could be the explanation to the less net accumulation of some PAE components in this study and the main factor affected the concentration level of PAEs in test plants (Top et al 1986).…”

“…DnBP, DEHP and DnOP are supposed to be the three most frequently detected phthalic acid ester (PAE) compounds in most of the electrical wastes (Zhang et al 2010a, b), which makes it explainable for the discovery of PAE compounds in agricultural soils in Taizhou with elevating levels in recent years. Ever since 2009, reported total concentrations of five dominant PAE compounds in Taizhou ranged from 12.6 to 46.7 mg/kg soil DW, far higher than the soil allowable concentration in the United States, about 7 mg/kg soil DW, and contamination by PAE compounds has recently become a problem that could not be neglected in the Taizhou area (Liu et al 2009;Liu et al 2010a;Zhang et al 2010a, b).…”

Levels and sources of phthalate esters in shallow groundwater and surface water of Dongguan city, South China

“…Obviously, DEHP and DnBP also predominate in PAEs in groundwater of Dongguan city. This result is consistent with the commonly findings reported previously (Wang et al, 2008a;Zhang et al, 2009; Liu et al, 2010), in which the DEHP and DnBP were the main compounds of the PAEs in groundwater. Furthermore, this work shows that a single PAE congener is highly correlated with the Σ 6 PAEs in groundwater of Dongguan city.…”

Microwave assisted pyrolysis of plastic waste for production of fuels: a review

“…Further, it was found that 38% of this waste was disposed to landfill, 26% were recycled and the remaining 36% was utilized for energy recovery [2]. It was also reported that plasticizers (additives used to enhance plastic properties) found in some specific plastics like PVC can also leach out from improperly designed landfills and may contaminate groundwater which is caused by the production of phthalate esters or PAEs [5]. Further it was explored in a study that open dumping of municipal solid waste poses environmental hazards through the transfer of heavy metals to the soil which adversely affect our vegetation [6].…”