Impact of Multiple Prenatal Risk Factors on Newborn Iron Status at Delivery

Abstract

Background Maternal anemia and several complications of pregnancy can affect fetal iron acquisition. Aim Because it is unknown whether the effects of demographic and maternal risk factors are summative, we examined cord iron status in newborns with multiple risk factors for acquiring iron deficiency (ID). Methods Cord blood indices from healthy control newborns with and without risk factors for newborn or infant ID were studied. Results Newborns with greater risk factors had poorer erythrocyte and storage iron status. Poorest status was seen if mothers with comorbid obesity and diabetes delivered large-for-gestation newborns. Findings highlight the importance of identifying risk factors.

Prenatal Iron Supplementation Reduces Maternal Anemia, Iron Deficiency, and Iron Deficiency Anemia in a Randomized Clinical Trial in Rural China, but Iron Deficiency Remains Widespread in Mothers and Neonates

“…The SF cutoff has been used in studies of prenatal ID neurodevelopmental effects (16)(17)(18). The ZPP/H cutoff represents the US 90th percentile (19). Birth weight and length were measured by obstetrical staff.…”

Low-Level Prenatal Lead Exposure Alters Auditory Recognition Memory in 2-Month-Old Infants: An Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) Study

“…Ninety-two infants were excluded for inadequate ERPs data (more than 30% data were removed). Because iron deficiency may also affect the hippocampus-based recognition memory (Burden et al, 2007; Congdon et al, 2012; Lukowski et al, 2010), we excluded 53 infants with evidence of prenatal iron deficiency (ferritin concentration lower than 75μg/l (Amin et al, 2010; Tamura et al, 2002) or ZPP higher than 118 μmol/mol (McLimore et al, 2013)). Two infants who did not have cord blood Pb measurements were also excluded.…”

Zinc protoporphyrin/heme ratio as parameter of iron status in moderately preterm infants: natural course and associations in the first 4 months

“…Insufficient iron supply to the fetus stimulates erythropoiesis and increases ZnPP/H levels. 15,16 In the study by Lorenz et al, 23 infants who were exposed to these prenatal conditions were excluded.…”

“…Information on maternal conditions that might have a negative influence on the iron status of the newborn infants (gestational diabetes, pregnancy-induced hypertension, smoking habits and iron supplementation during pregnancy) 15,16 was collected from medical files. Gestational diabetes was diagnosed based on an abnormal oral glucose test when fasting plasma glucose was ⩾ 7.0 mmol l − 1 (126 mg dl − 1 ) or 2 h plasma glucose was ⩾ 11.1 mmol l − 1 (200 mg dl − 1 ).…”