Impact of Mycorrhizal Fungi and Rhizosphere Microorganisms on Maize Grain Yield and Chemical Composition

Tripaldi, C.; Novero, Mara; Giovanni, Sabrina Di; Chiarabaglio, Pier Mario; Lorenzoni, P.; Zilio, David Meo; Palocci, G.; Balconi, C.; Aleandri, R.

doi:10.21162/pakjas/17.4840

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…A significant, albeit highly variable positive response of maize yield to bio-fertilizer was observed (+7.3%) in the calibration, but the response to bio-fertilizers was disappointing in the validation experiments. In literature, maize-grain responses in yield were positive in some cases (+6.4% 26 ; +4÷30% 3 ; +10% 19 ; +18% 27 ; +20% 28 ) or null 29 . Mazzinelli 30 observed a +5% increase from a Mycorrhizal consortium in three experiments at a farm level in 2018.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Spectroscopic and Foliar pH Model for Yield Prediction in a Symbiotic Corn Production

Volpato¹,

Masoero²,

Mazzinelli³

et al. 2019

JAR

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The agronomic management of symbiotic (S) inoculations, by means of bio-fertilizers (BF), is aimed at inducing modifications of the plant rhizosphere and thereafter of the phenotype and yield of the crop. It is here shown that the yield response of maize to a symbiotic treatment may be correlated to six easy-to-calculate indicator variables on the basis of the raw foliar pH, NIR-Spectroscopy of leaves, and the NIRS of hay litter-bags from soils. It has been confirmed, in a set of thirteen pairwise comparisons of Symbiotic (S) soil inoculated by BF vs. Control (non-inoculated soil; C), that the inoculation on average acidified the leaves by-3.7% pH units (P<0.0001). The responses in yield ranged from +25.2% to-9.2% (av.ge +3.5%; P = 0.03), but with average null responses in two centers and a significant response (+11%) in a third center. NIR-Tomoscopy scans (No. 574) were also performed on the leaves, and in addition, hay-litter-bags that had previously been buried in fields were dug up after two months, and 431 NIR-scans were acquired. The effect-size on the yield was expressed as the logarithm of the response ratio, i.e. the mean of the inoculated Symbiotic treatment divided by the mean of the non-inoculated Control for each pairwise comparison. A multiple regression model was developed to predict the symbiotic response to the treatment using six independent variables, including the squared litter-bag fingerprints, and an R 2 adj. level of 0.78 (P=0.01) was reached, with a standard error of ±4%. Validation in one external maize field, with a positive response to bio-fertilizers, demonstrates the juxtaposition of the estimated and accomplished yield. In a second experiment, with 40 pairwise comparisons, the two tested maize varieties did not respond to five types of bio-fertilizer, and the negative results were predicted at 84% (P 0.0012). The soil biota is a key factor for the application of appropriate microbial inoculants in the field, but the genotype/ genotype interactions between the microbial strain (s) and the crop cultivar (s) require prior screening to obtain the desired results.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Spectroscopic and Foliar pH Model for Yield Prediction in a Symbiotic Corn Production

Volpato¹,

Masoero²,

Mazzinelli³

et al. 2019

JAR

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“…A luxuriating effect has been displayed in foliar development. A meta-analysis of the field studies on the responses of wheat to AM has highlighted that field AM inoculation can be proposed as an effective agronomic practice for wheat production 7 , with aboveground biomass increases of around 20%, as already assessed in maize under high 11,15,[22][23][24] or low 25 Italian input conditions and under Indian conditions 21 As expected, a more juvenile ontogenic status emerged for the leaves of inoculated plants but graded among the inocula types.…”

Section: Mycorrhizal Modifiermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Arbuscular Mycorrhizae (AM) need to be closely involved in a road map of sustainable agriculture as a result of their symbiotic capabilities in the agrarian multiverse, characterised by these highlights: 1) soil preservation, with restoration of the organic matter in both topsoil and polluted soils 3 ; 2) anticipation of the Mitscherlich curve of phosphorus efficiency 4 ; 3) resolution of the "nitrogen paradox" as a result of the uptake of organic-N 5 ; 4) benefits for the atmosphere and for the foreseen climate changes, with an important reduction in N 2 O emissions 6 ; 5) luxuriance of the epigean as well as of the hypogean plant systems 7 ; 6) enhancements of the functional properties of feeds and foods [8][9][10][11][12] ; 7) induction of greater intrinsic resistance to the onset of a pathological state, regardless of the origin and nature of the plants 13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raw pH fall-out as a sign of a mycorrhizal modifier of Sorghum sudanensis

Masoero

Peiretti

Cugnetto

et al. 2018

JAR

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The management of symbiotic Microbial Biota (MB) in the soil as agents that promote the yield and health of crops, is aimed at inducing modifications of the phenotype of plants, both over and under the ground. It is here shown, in Sorghumsudanensis plants, that: i) a simple response to MB inoculation is the result of the fall out of the raw pH; ii) the simple NIR scans of leaves can be considered to rapidly classify the outcomes; iii) the raw pH can be considered a key-variable of leaf modifications. An experiment was carried out on Sorghumsudanensis. The plants were seeded in pots and grown for 66 d, and then a control non-inoculated group (C) was compared with thirteen Arbuscular Mycorrhizae (AM) Glomus inoculated groups and with two commercial MB products. A total of 374 raw pH measurements conducted on the leaves showed that the 5.18 pH units in the C group were scaled by -1.9% (P<0.0336) in the MB group and by -3.4% in the AM group (P<0.0001), with a relevant diversity between groups. Direct discrimination of these three groups, by means of smart NIR-SCIO, showed a % reclassification of the C, MB and AM groups of 74%, 59% and 96% in the fresh leaves and of 65%, 51% and 94% in the dried ground leaves, respectively. The composition of the dried leaves, based on a set of 14 variables predicted via NIRS models, plus the total foliar dry weight and percentage, showed a typical increase in protein, ash and hemicellulose, and a typical decrease in the cellulose, dry matter, crude fiber and crop maturity index. These variables were related to the foliar pH, as a key-variable, by means of a PLS standard model (R2 0.81) in which a low pH steadily favored the dry mass weight and, to a lesser extent, the hemicellulose and the digestible NDF contents; on the other hand, a high pH increased the dry matter percentage and the cellulose content of the leaves. As expected, the leaves of the inoculated plants showed a more juvenile ontogenic status. The epigean botanical modifications can be considered harmonic expressions of a luxuriant symbiosis, as testified by the homologous NIR categorization. The outlook for a symbiotic agriculture, with mycorrhizal plants, should consider the raw pH as a multifaceted variable.

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“…Their potential can be spread to the different agricultural systems described by Narain 4 , thanks to the properties of resilience inductors 5 . A meta-analysis of field studies on the responses of wheat to AMF 6 has highlighted that field AMF inoculation can be proposed as an effective agronomic practice for wheat production, with aboveground biomass increases of around 20%, as assessed under Indian 7 and in high 8,9 or low 10 Italian input conditions. AMF phenotypes are expressed in accord to the Law of the Minimum 11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NIRS Footprint of Bio-Fertilizers from Hay Litter-Bags

Masoero¹,

Delmastro

Cugnetto³

et al. 2018

JAR

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The biofertilization of cropsusing microbial biota in the soil (MBS) is a modern practice that is used to sustain fertility. MBS agents can promote the yield and health of crops, by luxuriating in the shoot as well as in the root systems. Farmers devoted to systematic MBS fertilization are creating a “Symbiotic” (S) form of agriculture, which offers a greater advantage of resilience than Conventional (C) or organic farming. Since MBS is involved in organic matter degradation, hay-litter-bag probes can be used to reflect a global functionality of the active soil, in the short-medium term. It is here shown that the NIRS hay-litter-bag technique, intended not as mass decay but as a quality evolution of the hay probes, can be modelled as a valid footprint of S vs. C soils. A patented MBS was used in eight experiments in which litter-bags from an S treated thesis were compared with equivalent litter-bags from a non-inoculated C thesis. The chemical signature of the S vs. C in the litter-bag composition was a percentage decrease of sugars and fibres. A smart NIRS device was used to discriminate the origin of the S vs. C litter-bags and a sensitivity of 71% (P<0.0001) was obtained. External validations on 37 S farms showed that three NIRS models discriminated the true positive S spectra, with a sensitivity of 90% as single and 98% as compound probabilities The NIRS radiation of the hay-litter-bags confirmed the results of the S vs. C agriculture soil footprint. Moreover, the SCIO-NIR devices also made it possible to connect the S farms in a smart network.

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Impact of Mycorrhizal Fungi and Rhizosphere Microorganisms on Maize Grain Yield and Chemical Composition

Cited by 8 publications

References 36 publications

Spectroscopic and Foliar pH Model for Yield Prediction in a Symbiotic Corn Production

Spectroscopic and Foliar pH Model for Yield Prediction in a Symbiotic Corn Production

Raw pH fall-out as a sign of a mycorrhizal modifier of Sorghum sudanensis

NIRS Footprint of Bio-Fertilizers from Hay Litter-Bags

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