Impact of Obesity on Castelli’s Risk Index I and II, in Young Adult Females

Abstract

Background: Obesity is one of today's most blatantly visible, yet most neglected, public health problems. In 2016, 39% of adults worldwide were overweight. Fueled by economic growth, urbanization, an increasingly sedentary lifestyle, and a nutritional transition to processed foods and high calorie diets over the last 30 years, many countries have witnessed the prevalence of obesity in its citizens double, and even quadruple. Obesity especially visceral obesity causes insulin resistance and is associated with dyslipidemia, impaired glucose metabolism, and hypertension all of which exacerbate atherosclerosis, and are risk factors for developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The primary dyslipidemia related to obesity is characterized by increased total cholesterol (TC), decreased high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and abnormal low density lipoprotein (LDL) composition. Lipoprotein ratios are becoming increasingly popular as a way to predict atherosclerosis and CVD. Aims and Objectives:The present study was undertaken to assess the impact of overweight/obesity on lipid profile parameters and lipoprotein ratios-Castelli's Risk Index I and II, in young adult females. Materials and Method:The present study was conducted in KIMS, Hubli, the study and its conduct was cleared by the Ethical committee. Sixty apparently healthy young females were selected for the study. Health status and other personal data were obtained via comprehensive questionnaire. The subjects were divided into two groups based on BMI; Healthy (BMI 18.5-24.99) and Overweight (BMI > 25). Lipid profile was evaluated and lipoprotein ratios calculated. Comparison between the two groups was done using students' t-test. Results:Values for Castelli's Risk Index I & II were found to be significantly higher in the overweight group compared to the control group. Conclusion:Obesity leads to an unfavorable lipid pattern and raises values of both Castelli's Risk Index I & II.

Cardioprotective Effects of Insect Apis melifera‐Based Complementary Foods Using an In Vivo Mouse Model

“…A diet of high lipids increases TC, TG, and LDL-C and decreases HDL-C, which markedly causes hyperlipidemia [36] and is the key factor in CVD progression [37]. Additionally, according to the reports of Chandrashekhar et al [38], LDL-C is proatherogenic, and oxidation of LDL-C within the arterial wall would be an important early step in atherogenesis. Prolonged and sustained arterial exposure to elevated LDL-C increases cholesterol deposition and enhances the atherosclerotic process, eventually leading to CHD [6].…”