Impact of Oil Pollution on Livelihood: Evidence from the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria

Ejiba, Ikenna; Onya, S.C.; Adams, Oluwadamilola K.

doi:10.9734/jsrr/2016/26633

Cited by 41 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…It is known that health risk is not averted by abstinence from fish killed by spilt oil. Some of the fishes and animals that escape instant death from oil pollution are known to have taken in some of the toxic substances, which in turn get into human systems when eaten [1] [19] [27]. Besides, chemicals from gas flare and oil spill are transferred to the drinking water in close proximity to natural gas wells [28] [29].…”

Section: Potential Exposure Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oil Spills, Gas Flaring and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: A Systematic Review

Oghenetega¹,

Ana²,

Okunlola³

et al. 2020

OJOG

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Oil spills and gas flaring are major environmental problems and pose major source of adverse health outcomes to communities hosting oil wells and natural gas. As oil is spilt and gas is flared; air, soil and water in affected communities are polluted. Due to this, members of these communities are exposed to higher health risks. One vulnerable group that is usually affected in this regard is pregnant women. This systematic review identified and reviewed past studies on oil pollution and different types of pregnancy outcomes within a twenty-year gap, which is between 1999 and 2019. The review also discussed the exposure pathways of oil pollution. From a literature search on scientific databases conducted in August 2019 for articles relating to the objectives of the review, data were extracted from articles which met the inclusion criteria and contents were systematically analyzed based on types of pregnancy outcomes. This review showed that oil spill and gas flaring may put pregnant women at high risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational diabetes mellitus, maternal depression, miscarriages via three pathways. This review may be of some use in making policy in this area.

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Section: Potential Exposure Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is because people depend enormously on their environment for sustenance and survival. Any incidence which affects these key resources, that is, air, water and soil, would surely affect their health[3] [27].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oil Spills, Gas Flaring and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: A Systematic Review

Oghenetega¹,

Ana²,

Okunlola³

et al. 2020

OJOG

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Studies on the effects of waste gas flares on the surrounding vegetation in southeastern Nigeria show that the effect of flare extends well beyond a distance of 110 m from the stacks, with the exception of the suppression of the flowering of short-day plants [39]. It was therefore recommended that further studies were necessary to determine the effects of the flares on the productivity of crops grown in the region (Table 4) [41]. Soils of the study area are quickly losing their fertility and capacity for sustainable agriculture due to the acidification of the soils by the various pollutants associated with gas flaring in the area.…”

Section: Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC) in 1996 claimed that sabotage was responsible for more than 60% of all oil spilled at its facilities in Nigeria, stressing that the percentage has increased over the years because the number of sabotage incidents has increased adding that spills due to corrosion of pipelines have decreased with programs to replace oil pipelines (Figure 4, Table 5). Pirates are stealing Nigeria's crude oil at a phenomenal rate, carting away nearly 300,000 barrels per day, and selling it illegally to the international trade market [41,54]. Table 6 gives an example of the number of spills and the reported volumes of oil spilled into the marine environment from 1997 to 2014.…”

Section: Human Error/theftmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Challenges Associated with Processing of Heavy Crude Oils

Sojinu¹,

Ejeromedoghene²

2019

Processing of Heavy Crude Oils - Challenges and Opportunities

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The petroleum industry is one of the largest industries in the world and plays a pivotal part in driving a nation's economy. However, the exploration and exploitation of heavy crude oil have raised series of environmental challenges and caused increased concern for the communities where the oil refineries are cited. Activities such as gas flaring and oil spillage have led to the release of toxic organic and inorganic pollutants, which has resulted in acid rain, climate change, and contamination of soil, water, and air. These environmental hazards have caused adverse effects directly or indirectly to the ecosystem. This chapter offers a general overview of the processes involved in the processing and some of the potential environmental challenges associated with heavy crude oil processing.

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“…This is so because poor and natural resource dependent households are known to bear the brunt of environmental degradation more. In the oil rich Niger Delta region for instance,majority of the householdswallow in poverty due to the large scaledestruction of their fishing and farming livelihood systems especially by oil spillages (Ejiba, Onya& Adams, 2016;IdodoUmeh&Ogbeibu, 2010;Ojimba, Akintola, Anyanwu, &Manilla, 2014) and gas flaring (Eregha&Irughe, 2009;Kadafa, 2012).In the face of such livelihood insecurities arising from environmental degradation coupled with low state capacity, Agrawal, Kononen and Perrin (2009) posit that the poor and marginal groups rely on local institutions to build resilience, reduce vulnerability and mediate collective action.This they argue is achieved through the indispensible functions local institutions perform such as provision of infrastructure and services, disaster response planning, regulation of property rights, information dissemination,coordination with decision-makers at other levels for external support for adaptation, and organizing social action. Similarly, Bhattamishra and Barrett (2010 cf.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local institutions and adaptive capacity of rural households in the Niger Delta

Jack¹,

Eke²

2018

AFRREV IJAH: Int J. Art and Humanities

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The study examined the role local institutionsplay in promoting adaptive capacity of households to environmental degradation in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria.The survey was conducted amongst 610 households across Rivers, Delta and Bayelsa states. The questionnaire instrument was employed ineliciting data from the respondents. The study shows that respondents belonged to about 106 formal and informal local institutions spreadacross the study communities. Findings revealed that local institutions serves as safety nets and sources of local insurance as they provide households opportunities for resources and materials exchange as well as galvanizing collective action that promotes livelihoods and adaptive capacity. The hypothesis test result indicated that membership to local institutions has a significant effect on adaptive capacity. The study hence concluded that membership to local institutions significantly promote the capacity of households to adapt to environmental degradation in the Niger Delta. The study hence recommends that the institutional capacities of these institutions should be enhanced through knowledge and resource sharing by means ofincreasingly engaging with external actors like the government and civil society who can provide external support to the communities.

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Impact of Oil Pollution on Livelihood: Evidence from the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria

Cited by 41 publications

References 0 publications

Oil Spills, Gas Flaring and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: A Systematic Review

Oil Spills, Gas Flaring and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: A Systematic Review

Environmental Challenges Associated with Processing of Heavy Crude Oils

Local institutions and adaptive capacity of rural households in the Niger Delta

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