Impact of Onsite Sanitation System on Groundwater in Different Geological Settings of Peri Urban Areas

Shivendra, B. T.; Ramaraju, H. K.

doi:10.1016/j.aqpro.2015.02.148

Cited by 43 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Pit latrines and sceptic tanks are common types of on-site sanitation facility in rural areas of India and are sources of groundwater contamination. A study conducted in peri-urban areas of India found seepage of sewage into groundwater from improperly designed rural sanitation facilities (Shivendra and Ramaraju 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Different Irrigation Systems on Water Quality in Peri-Urban Areas of Gujarat, India

et al. 2016

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in AcknowledgementsThe research which led to this publication was financed by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation under the broader project of AG-WATSAN Nexus Project undertaken by the Center for Development Research (ZEF) of the University of Bonn, Germany. The authors thank the Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar for their collaboration during field research. We thank all the field assistants and supervisors for their excellent work during data collection and database management. The authors also thank Dr. Bhavini Shah and the team of lab technicians at Supratech Laboratory for carrying out the strenuous task of testing the microbiological quality of our water samples. AbstractThe ever-growing population of India, along with the increasing competition for water for productive uses in different sectors -especially irrigated agriculture and related local water systems and drainage -poses a challenge in an effort to improve water quality and sanitation. In rural and peri-urban settings, where agriculture is one of the main sources of livelihood, the type of water use in irrigated agriculture has complex interactions with drinking water and sanitation. In particular, the multi-purpose character of irrigation and drainage infrastructure creates several interlinks between water, sanitation (WATSAN) and agriculture and there is a competition for water quantity between domestic water use and irrigated agriculture. This study looks at the determinants of the microbiological quality of stored drinking water among households residing in areas where communities use different types of irrigation water. The study used multiple tube fermentation method 'Most Probable Number (MPN) technique, a WHO recommended technique, to identify thermotolerant fecal coliforms and E. coli in water in the laboratory (WHO 1993). Overall, we found that the microbiological water quality was poor. The stored water generally had very high levels of Escherichia coli (E. coli) contamination, 80% of the households had water in storage that could not be considered potable as per the World Health Organization (WHO) standards, and 73% of the households were using a contaminated water source. The quality of household storage water was largely unaffected by the major household socioeconomic characteristics, such as wealth, education level or social status. Households using surface water for irrigation had poor drinking water quality, even after controlling for ...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Different Irrigation Systems on Water Quality in Peri-Urban Areas of Gujarat, India

et al. 2016

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“…At a research site in India marked by shallow water levels and broken rock aquifers, high concentrations of faecal coliforms were found in domestic wells located near pit latrines and septic tanks. During the rainy season, rotaviruses are transported by groundwater flow in the upper part of the ground, whereas travel in the dry season is more likely to be caused by directly contaminated surface water [18]. The same condition is likely to occur in this study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Faecal contamination in groundwater and its association with population density: a study in coastal areas of Semarang

2020

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Increased population density causes the supply of clean water to be unable to meet the requirements. The coastal area of Semarang is also faced with a tidal problem. While good sanitation is a top priority in improving health, nutrition and productivity (6th SDG target), the cause of water borne disease must be considered. This research was conducted in May 2019 at 30 points in the coastal area of Semarang, covering 9 sub-districts. Assessment of microbiology is carried out on coliform parameters and the presence of Eschericia coli. Data on septic tank type, depth, distance of the septic tank to the sample points and drainage frequency were collected. Population data are based on data from BPS. Hydrogeological mapping was used to describe the distribution of faecal contamination and other factors. Around 73.3% of the groundwater samples exceeded the coliform parameter limit and 86.7% of the samples were found to have E. coli. Only 37.5% of the septic tank is cemented and 66.7% with a safe distance from the water source. Population density was not significantly related to poor groundwater quality, because even though the area is less densely populated, E. coli is found positive in ground water.

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“…These systems must be periodically emptied (or replaced, in the case of some pit latrines), and safe disposal and treatment of waste may be costly for users and difficult to carry out in high-density informal settlements. This often leads to poor management of pit latrines and septic tanks, which can contribute to contamination of the surrounding environment (e.g., groundwater), particularly during high rainfall events [10,11]. Small and medium-sized cities face particular constraints in providing adequate wastewater treatment and faecal sludge management capacities due to more limited urban management capacity and lower revenues.…”

Section: Poor Access and Dysfunctional Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards “Sustainable” Sanitation: Challenges and Opportunities in Urban Areas

2016

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While sanitation is fundamental for health and wellbeing, cities of all sizes face growing challenges in providing safe, affordable and functional sanitation systems that are also sustainable. Factors such as limited political will, inadequate technical, financial and institutional capacities and failure to integrate safe sanitation systems into broader urban development have led to a persistence of unsustainable systems and missed opportunities to tackle overlapping and interacting urban challenges. This paper reviews challenges associated with providing sanitation systems in urban areas and explores ways to promote sustainable sanitation in cities. It focuses on opportunities to stimulate sustainable sanitation approaches from a resource recovery perspective, generating added value to society while protecting human and ecosystem health. We show how, if integrated within urban development, sustainable sanitation has great potential to catalyse action and contribute to multiple sustainable development goals.

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Impact of Onsite Sanitation System on Groundwater in Different Geological Settings of Peri Urban Areas

Cited by 43 publications

References 4 publications

Impact of Different Irrigation Systems on Water Quality in Peri-Urban Areas of Gujarat, India

Impact of Different Irrigation Systems on Water Quality in Peri-Urban Areas of Gujarat, India

Faecal contamination in groundwater and its association with population density: a study in coastal areas of Semarang

Towards “Sustainable” Sanitation: Challenges and Opportunities in Urban Areas

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