Impact of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Nematode Reproduction and Biochemical Alterations on Tomato

Abstract

The organic amendments, compost, neem and poultry as well as inorganic fertilizer, N P K and nematicide Nemacur 10% G applied singly at two different doses were effective in reducing M. incognita number of galls, nematode reproduction and fecundity. Also, they ameliorated growth criteria of treated tomato plants. The effectiveness seemed to be material origin and concentration dependent. Neem, compost 1, 3 at higher doses (5 g/pot) gave the best results. Yet, achieved results were less than those of nemacur 10% G which overmatched all the organic and inorganic fertilizers. Nematode infection reduced total soluble sugars in roots but the opposite was the case in all treatments. Nematode infection supported root contents of amino acids, total phenols and tannins but they were diminished as a result of almost all treatments. Total soluble sugars and total carbohydrates in shoots decreased as a result of nematode infection but they were regained only by application of inorganic fertilizer. Total amino acids increased in shoots of infected plants and more increase was observed in almost all treatments. Nematode infection impaired tomato uptake of N P K; organic and inorganic fertilizers provoked plants up take, however nemacur improved plants up take of nitrogen only.

Foliar spray of selected plant growth regulators affected the biochemical and antioxidant attributes of spinach in a field experiment

“…Among the treatments, MOLE showed the most pronounced effect, while somewhat comparable effects were shown by the 6-BAP and the mixture treatments. A decrease in proline contents in comparison with the controls was reported earlier by Farahat et al (2012) during an investigation of exogenous applications of humic acid on seedlings of Khaya senegalensis.…”

Nematicidal Effect of Some Botanical Powders and PoultryManure Against the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood infecting Tomato Plants

“…Amending the soil with poultry manure significantly reduced counts of root galls, juveniles in soil, developmental stages, egg masses in root and final population of M. incognita,in addition, the usage of such materials did improve the plant growth. These result are in agreement with the findings of Kablan and Noe Farahat et al, 2008 (Karmani et al,( 2011) and Farahat et al( 2012). The nematicidal activity of poultry manure is mainly attributed to its contents of volatile fatty acids, phenols, amino acids, ammonia, nitrites and gasses which released during the decomposition of the manure; and to enhance soil populations of micro-organisms antagonistic to nematodes (Badra, et al, 1979;Mian, Rodrequez-Kabana, 1982;Lazarovits et al, 2001;Oka and Pivonia, 2002;and Farahat et al, 2008).…”

Suppression of Meloiodogyne incognita (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae) and Tylenchulus semipenterans (Tylenchida: Tylenchulidae) using Tilapia fish powder and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in vivo and in vitro

“…This is due to TFP containing ammonia, phosphorus, and orthophosphate. Anhydrous and aqueous ammonia, urea, and other ammonium compounds have all been employed directly to control nematodes, therefore ammonia plays a significant part in this process (Farahat et al, 2012). These findings agree with those of Ferial et al (2011) who reported that phospho-fertilizer was most successful in lowering egg mass production, root galling, and egg hatching and survival of J2.…”