The organic amendments, composts (1, 2, 3), neem and poultry as well as inorganic fertilizers (NPK compound and commercial, Athree®) and the nematicide nemacur 10 G applied singly were effective in reducing M. incognita number of galls, nematode reproductionand fecundity. The effectiveness seemed to be material origin dependent. Neem, compost 1, 3 (5 g/pot) gave the best results. Yet, achievedresults were less than those of nemacur 10% G. The antioxidant substances content and enzymes activities due to nematode infectionand application of organic and inorganic fertilizers pointed to significant increase of lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide as aresult of nematode infection and nemacur treatment. While all organic and inorganic fertilizers reduced such materials with significantdifferences among treatments. Likewise, nematode infection resulted in slight but significant increase in glutathione and ascorbic acidin tomato shoots and roots. All treatments increased antioxidant substances comparing to healthy and infected plants. Glutathione-Stransferaseactivity highly increased in infected roots but the lowest activities were achieved by organic fertilizers. Nematode infectionand nemacur treatment increased slightly phenylalaine ammonia lyase activity but enormous increase was observed in shoots and rootsof treated plants with organic fertilizers followed by NPK treatments.

The organic amendments, compost, neem and poultry as well as inorganic fertilizer, N P K and nematicide Nemacur 10% G applied singly at two different doses were effective in reducing M. incognita number of galls, nematode reproduction and fecundity. Also, they ameliorated growth criteria of treated tomato plants. The effectiveness seemed to be material origin and concentration dependent. Neem, compost 1, 3 at higher doses (5 g/pot) gave the best results. Yet, achieved results were less than those of nemacur 10% G which overmatched all the organic and inorganic fertilizers. Nematode infection reduced total soluble sugars in roots but the opposite was the case in all treatments. Nematode infection supported root contents of amino acids, total phenols and tannins but they were diminished as a result of almost all treatments. Total soluble sugars and total carbohydrates in shoots decreased as a result of nematode infection but they were regained only by application of inorganic fertilizer. Total amino acids increased in shoots of infected plants and more increase was observed in almost all treatments. Nematode infection impaired tomato uptake of N P K; organic and inorganic fertilizers provoked plants up take, however nemacur improved plants up take of nitrogen only.

The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AM fungus), Glomus macrocarpus, and the nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita and Tylenchulus semipenetrans, have negative reciprocal effects on spore production, nematode development and reproduction when coinfecting grape roots. Glomus macrocarpus was antagonistic to Rotylenchulus reniformis development and reproduction whilst the nematode was synergistic to spore production. Glomus macrocarpus alone or in combination with M. incognita or T. semipenetrans increased root protein, total soluble sugars, total carbohydrates and decreased lipids and dry matter. Glomus macrocarpus together with R. reniformis decreased protein, total soluble sugars, total carbohydrates and dry matter and greatly increased lipids. Compared to the healthy control, G. macrocarpus alone or in combination with M. incognita or R. reniformis decreased the N, P and K content of leaves. Glomus macrocarpus together with T. semipenetrans improved N, P and K concentrations but the latter was still less than that of healthy plants.

In a survey study, 21 phytonematode genera, Aphelenchoides,

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