Impact of periodontal conditions on the quality of life of pregnant women: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

BackgroundStudies have been rarely conducted to provide a comprehensive perspective of pregnant women with the intention to investigate the relationships between periodontal conditions and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). As such, this study aimed to describe the OHRQoL of pregnant women in Shanghai, China and to investigate the relationships between periodontal conditions and OHRQoL of pregnant women.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted amongst pregnant women in all stages of pregnancy in Shanghai, China. Clinical examinations were performed to assess periodontal conditions, including tooth loss, visible plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level. The OHRQoL of pregnant women was determined using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14, Chinese version). Information regarding maternal characteristics, socio-demographic background and health-related behaviours was also obtained from the participants through the structured questionnaires.ResultsA total of 512 pregnant women (mean age = 27.3 ± 4.0 years)participated in the survey,giving a response rate of 91.4 %. The mean gestational age was 19 weeks (SD = 8.2). The mean and the median OHIP-14 scores were 7.92 (SD = 6.84) and 6, respectively. The mean number of negative impact items (extent) was 0.20 (SD = 0.82). Approximately 10 % of pregnant women reported at least one item with ‘fairly often’ or ‘very often’ (prevalence). Results of multivariable analyses showed that periodontal conditions was not significantly associated with three scoring formats of OHRQoL (severity, extent and prevalence of impact) after adjustment for pregnancy-related variables and possible confounders (all p > 0.05). However, frequency of nausea-vomiting was found to be significantly associated with severity of impacts (p = 0.012). Utilization of dental services, age and tooth loss were the significant variables to the extent of negative impacts (all p < 0.05). While no significant variable was related with prevalence of negative impacts (p > 0.05).ConclusionPregnant women with different trimesters showed similar impact of oral disease on their OHRQoL in Shanghai, China. Periodontal health status have no impact on their OHRQoL in the fully adjusted models. Their OHRQoL was associated with early pregnancy reaction, utilisation of dental services, age and tooth loss.

Oral health related quality of life among pregnant women: a randomized controlled trial

“…18,19,27 Mean baseline OHIP-14 scores were 13.9 in the CG and 12.09 in the TG -substantially higher than the mean score of 7.4 reported by Oliveira and Nadanovski in their study with 504 pregnant women enrolled at public hospitals in Brazil 25 and reported by Lu et al, which found a mean 7.92 between 512 pregnant woman in Shangai, China. 28 This result was similar to those reported in a study with pregnant women in India, which ranged from 8.5 to 12.8. 22 Periodontal status is known to have a direct influence on OHIP-14 scores.…”

“…The authors discuss that although periodontal disease has been found in this sample, other health problems inherent to pregnancy may become major concerns, which may impact the quality of life in pregnant woman. 28 In the present study, periodontitis with destructive damage was rare. Gingivitis was therefore the predominant issue in this population.…”

“…13 Lu et al, assessed in a cross sectional study the impact of periodontal conditions in pregnant woman and, in other hand, showed that periodontal status was not significantly associated with severity, extent or prevalence of impacts assessed by OHIP-14. 28 Absence of these correlations may have been due to the small extent of changes in OHIP-14 scores; mean changes were 4.79 and 3.14 points in the TG and CG, respectively. Several authors consider that the lowest significant difference in OHIP-14 scores would be 5 points.…”

Determinants of Dental Care Attendance during Pregnancy: A Systematic Review

“…However, the relationships remain inconclusive, as some associations should be very low with proper corrections of biased study methodologies and heterogeneity [Santos Neto et al, 2012;Shanthi et al, 2012;Ide and Papapanou, 2013;Corbella et al, 2016; Kumar, 2016]. Pregnant women's oral health may worsen due to hormones or changes in diet and hygiene; it may even affect their quality of life in many different ways: e.g., as oral pain, psychological discomfort, physical and psychological disability, social disability, and handicap [Oliveira and Nadanovsky, 2006;Lu et al, 2015]. Periodontal diseases are accentuated because of hormonal changes: higher rates of gingival inflammation have been observed in pregnant women compared to nonpregnant ones [Figuero et al, 2013].…”

Impact of Chronic Periodontitis on the Quality of Life of Individuals with and without Diabetes

“…The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) is among the assessment tools commonly used as a measure of quality of life [21]. The OHIP-14 is derived from the original 49-item OHIP and is used to evaluate seven dimensions of impact: functional limitation, physical pain, psychological discomfort, physical disability, psychological disability, social disability and handicap [22].…”