Impact of periodontitis on gingival crevicular fluid miRNAs profiles associated with cardiovascular disease risk

Abstract

Background and Objective Recent emerging evidence has shown that microRNA (miRNAs) is involved in several epigenetic processes linked with periodontitis, increased oxidative stress and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The present study aimed to assess the impact of periodontitis on gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) miRNAs expression associated with CVD risk and to evaluate possible confounders that influenced this association. Materials and Methods For the present study, healthy controls (n = 28) and subjects with CVD (n = 28), periodontitis (n = 30) and periodontitis + CVD (n = 29) were enrolled. All subjects underwent regular periodontal examinations and blood sampling. In addition, GCF sampling was performed, and miRNAs 7a‐5p, 21‐3p, 21‐5p, 100‐5p, 125‐5p, 200b‐3p, and 200b‐5p expression was analyzed using a real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Results The results showed that periodontitis and periodontitis + CVD subjects presented significantly different GCF miRNAs expression compared to healthy controls and CVD subjects. More specifically, compared to healthy controls and CVD, subjects with periodontitis and periodontitis + CVD showed higher GCF miRNA 7a‐5p, miRNA 21‐3p, miRNA 21‐5p, miRNA 200b‐3p, and miRNA 200b‐5p (p < .05) and lower miRNA 100‐5p, miRNA 125‐5p levels (p < .05). Furthermore, the multivariate regression analysis evidenced that periodontitis (miRNA 21‐3p, 100‐5p) and periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) (miRNA 7a‐5p, 21‐3p, 21‐5p, 100‐5p, 125‐5p, 200b‐3p) were significant predictors of GCF miRNAs concentration (p < .05). Conclusion The results of the study highlighted that the periodontitis and periodontitis + CVD group showed higher GCF miRNAs expression than healthy controls and CVD subjects. Furthermore, periodontitis and its extent (PISA) were revealed as significant predictors of GCF miRNAs associated with CVD risk.

Salivary macrophage chemokines as potential biomarkers of gingivitis

“…Early detection of these undiagnosed cases and monitoring the progressing periodontal disease can be easily achieved by the identification of key salivary biomarkers in gingivitis [ 5 ]. Besides, some key evidence has highlighted the moderating effects of micro RNAs (miRNAs) in periodontal tissue homeostasis and they have been linked to the release of proinflammatory cytokines in gingival fibroblasts throughout the initial stages of periodontitis, proposing the crucial modulatory role that miRNAs might have during the initiation and progression of the disease [ 6 ].…”

The Emerging Role of Salivary Oxidative Stress Biomarkers as Prognostic Markers of Periodontitis: New Insights for a Personalized Approach in Dentistry

“…Other researchers evaluated the salivary acid uric level. Different studies showed that the salivary level of uric acid was lower in patients with periodontitis than in healthy patients [ 125 , 126 , 127 , 128 ]. Moreover, Priya et al [ 125 ] evaluated the salivary uric acid level variation after the non-surgical periodontal treatment.…”

Emerging Oral Nicotine Products and Periodontal Diseases

“…More specifcally, miRNA146a was found to be signifcantly upregulated in infamed gingival tissues and suppresses toll-like receptor-mediated nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathway [50]. Isola et al demonstrated diferent gingival crevicular fuid (GCF) miRNA profle in periodontitis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients and highlighted GCF miRNA-21 may serve as a potential biomarker for both periodontitis and CVD [51]. Smoking, as a risk factor for periodontal disease, may infuence the disease causation and progression through dysregulating miRNAs expression.…”