Impact of physical activity on the association of overweight and obesity with cardiovascular disease: The Rotterdam Study

Abstract

BackgroundBeing overweight or obese is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Physical activity might reduce the risk associated with overweight and obesity. We examined the association between overweight and obesity and CVD risk as a function of physical activity levels in a middle-aged and elderly population.DesignThe study was a prospective cohort study.MethodsThe study included 5344 participants aged 55 years or older from the population-based Rotterdam Study. Participants were classified as having high or low physical activity based on the median of the population. Normal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2) and obese participants (≥30 kg/m2) were categorized as having high or low physical activity to form six categories. We assessed the association of the six categories with CVD risk using Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for confounders. High physical activity and normal weight was used as the reference group.ResultsDuring 15 years of follow-up (median 10.3 years, interquartile range 8.2–11.7 years), 866 (16.2%) participants experienced a CVD event. Overweight and obese participants with low physical activity had a higher CVD risk than normal weight participants with high physical activity. The HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were 1.33 (1.07–1.66) and 1.35 (1.04–1.75), respectively. Overweight and obese participants with high physical activity did not show a higher CVD risk (HRs (95%CIs) 1.03 (0.82–1.29) and 1.12 (0.83–1.52), respectively).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the beneficial impact of physical activity on CVD might outweigh the negative impact of body mass index among middle-aged and elderly people. This emphasizes the importance of physical activity for everyone across all body mass index strata, while highlighting the risk associated with inactivity even among normal weight people.

Trend in overweight and obesity among women of reproductive age in Uganda: 1995–2016

“…Adolescent (15)(16)(17)(18)(19) and young (20)(21)(22)(23)(24) women represented more a two-fifth of the total sample. Majority of the women were of rural residency (81.1%), had primary level education (58.2%), followers of Christianity (82.9%), had more than two children (54.8%), married before reaching 18 years (56.4%), employed in technical/managerial work (54.6%), from non-poor households (64.6%), users of radio (76.5%) and user of TV (63.9%).…”

Acute Effects of the Consumption of Passiflora setacea Juice on Metabolic Risk Factors and Gene Expression Profile in Humans

“…These disorders are the biggest contributors to global disability and represent an important cost burden [2]. Therefore, stressful lifestyle markers such as emotional stress, an unhealthy diet (high in sugar, sodium, red meat, and trans fatty acids, but low intake of fruits and vegetables), overweight [3], and poor physical activity [4] increase the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and NCDs. These lifestyle risk factors promote high blood pressure, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hypertension, hyperlipidemia [1,5], obesity [1], high inflammatory cytokine production [6], and pro-atherogenic gene profile [7], and are associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and vascular inflammation [8].…”

Effects of cycle and treadmill desks on energy expenditure and cardiometabolic parameters in sedentary workers: review and meta-analysis

“…This increase in EE could reduce sedentary behaviour and increase both low and moderate PA. This increase in PA is desired since performing moderate-intensity PA might reduce the risks associated with being overweight, obesity and cardiovascular disease [63].…”