Impact of pneumonia and lung cancer on mortality of women with hypertension

Abstract

Essential hypertension is one of the most severe women's health problems. Modern life brings more chances of pulmonary diseases to human. The purpose of the study is to investigate weather pneumonia and lung cancer are associated with the mortality of women with hypertension in different age. A crosssectional retrospective study was conducted in women with hypertension, who were admitted into our hospital in 2004-2013. 14219 women were enrolled and 68.8 ± 12.2 year old (y). Isolated hypertension was 14.7%. The age of death was 78.1 ± 9.8 y. The mortality was 4.4% for average and 0.2%, 1.1%, 2.4%, 4.8%, 10.4% and 15.8% in group age ≦49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, 80-89 and ≧90 y separately. This mortality increased with age was positively significantly correlated with the increased incidences of pneumonia (P < 0.05, r = 0.77). Pneumonia was a significant risk associated with the mortality in age 55-89 y (OR = 6.4-22.5; 95% CI = 3.06-51.12). While, lung cancer was the significant risk in 70-79 y. These observations indicate that pneumonia and lung cancer are significant risk factors associated with the mortality of certain age women with hypertension, and bring an alert that pneumonia and lung cancer should be prevented and treated intensively in modern life in order to reduce the mortality.Hypertension is one of the most severe health problems for women. The prevalence of it in women is almost the same as man, women vs. men = 26.1-29.5 % vs. 26.6-29.0% 1 . The mortality of it from 2000 through 2013 significantly increased 36.8% for aged 45-64, from 2000 to 2005 increased 23% for those >85 and 10.9% for those 75-84 2 . Women face big challenges to reduce the mortality of hypertension.The most significant distinction between women and men with hypertension is protective effect of estrogen before menopause and reduced protective effect of estrogen after menopause 3 ; therefore, women have unique manifestation of cardiovascular risks and target organ damage with hypertension, they tend to more have relevant age-related risks of mortality. Studying such risks from different age is probably powerful than studying global risks in whole age.Pneumonia is a common disease occurring in all parts of the world 4 . It is among the most common infectious diseases and the most common lower respiratory tract infection 5 . It is a major cause of death among all age groups resulting in 7% of the world's total death yearly 4,6 . Lung cancer is also common worldwide, it is the third highest incidence, and second after breast cancer in mortality among cancer of women 7 . Both pneumonia and lung cancer are diseases of respiratory system, and diseases related to longevity or civilization, that appear to the increase in frequency in modern life as countries become more industrialized and people live longer.Relationship between pneumonia or lung cancer and essential hypertension is not well studied. Pneumonia and lung cancer whether influence the mortality of patients with hypertension lacks of concrete data. So far, only few studies involved i...

Lung Cancer and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Meta-analysis of Cohort Studies

“…It is estimated that by 2035 the number of lung cancer deaths will increase globally by 86%. 1 Lung cancer increasingly has become recognized as a systemic disorder associated with diabetes mellitus, obesity, and hypertension, [2][3][4] which are known risk factors for cardiovascular disease. It has been hypothesized that lung cancer is associated with increased cardiovascular risk, especially the risk for coronary heart disease and stroke.…”

Radiomics for radiation oncologists: are we ready to go?

“… 25 A pre-treatment CT radiomic feature ( Law’s Energy ) in a cohort of 47 patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was significantly predictive for EGFR-mutation status. 8 Interestingly, this study also showed that the difference in one radiomic feature ( Gabor Energy ) between baseline and an on-treatment CT (3 weeks after beginning the anti-EGFR gefitinib) was associated with mutation status. Tumour volume and maximum diameter were the two other significant predictive parameters, but these only weakly correlated with this radiomic feature.…”

Shared functional connectivity between the dorso-medial and dorso-ventral streams in macaques

“…Activity related to hand orientation was found in F2 29 and in V6A 30 , both areas part of the reach-related dorso-medial stream, while reach activity was found in F5 31 , an area part of the grasp-related dorso-ventral stream. Other studies added support for these findings 32 – 36 , warranting further investigation into the separation between reaching and grasping processes in the brain.…”

“…In parietal cortex, most of area V6A was exclusively connected to the dorso-medial network and only small parts were functionally connected with both networks. Area V6A has been extensively investigated with respect to its anatomical connectivity 7 , 13 , 62 and electrophysiological selectivity for reaching as well as grasping behavior 23 , 33 , 34 , 36 , 63 . However, the presence of selective neural activity does not imply a causal influence, as outlined in the introduction.…”