Impact of Port Construction on the Spatial Pattern of Land Use in Coastal Zones Based on CLDI and LUT Models: A Case Study of Qingdao and Yantai

Abstract

Ports are an important type of land use in coastal cities, and the development of ports has a significant influence on the spatial pattern of land use in port cities. However, the research focusing on economic indicators hardly reflects the process of changes in the spatial distribution of land development in coastal port cities. This paper introduces a spatial association rule method to establish a coastline and land development intensity (CLDI) model and land use transfer (LUT) model in the vertical direction of coastal zones to mine the association rules between shoreline change and land development intensity along the sea–land gradient in the Qingdao and Yantai coastal zones and to explore the important land development sequence patterns. The results showed that, in the early stage of regional development, the land development intensity decreased from sea to land. In the later stage, as the industry transferred to nearby towns, the land units with extremely strong and strong levels started to move to the end or middle of the sequence. With the improvement of the urban construction level, the simple LUT pattern sequence that increased building land through the occupation of cultivated land and forestland was replaced gradually by complex sequences with multiple components. The relationship between land development and distance from the port showed that the areas with strong land development intensity gradually moved from coastal to inland areas over time. Port shipping has a profound influence on port city land use patterns. Industrial transfer drives the development of surrounding towns during the metaphase. This trend was used to build a second port to realize the division of transportation capacity, as the old port’s carrying capacity tended to become saturated. This paper revealed the general changes in the important land use patterns in port areas through a comparative study of the Qingdao and Yantai port areas and the differences among different geographical locations and development processes. This study provides a reference for the rational planning of coastal zone spatial layouts and provides a model basis for the analysis of the spatial structure of coastal zones. This information can be used to coordinate the relationship between ports and cities and promote the sustainable development of coastal zones.

Geoinformation representation of maritime knowledge flows: new frontiers of coastalization

“…By accounting for maritime knowledge flows in the delimitation of the coastal zone, we deepen our understanding of coastalization and enhance the methods of its registration. The traditional delimitation of the coastal zone (and coastalization) done by measuring the geographical proximity to the sea of human settlements [14,17] or the clustering of economic activity [15,16], could now be combined with an assessment of functions performed by entities. The extended understanding of the coastal economy was previously verified by Morrissey and O'Donoghue [22], who have mapped the inland communication within a maritime economic network.…”

“…Current perspectives on defining the boundaries of the coastal zone are based on an assessment of natural and environmental factors (e.g. land elevation) [13], migration processes and settlement structure [14], the location of port infrastructure [15], industrial facilities [16], etc. The range of propagation of the coastalization effect may vary depending on the country, including both local zones up to 1 km, and coastal areas up to 10, 50, 150 and even 200 km [17].…”

Investigation of port intervention to coastal and nearshore dynamics: a GIS and AHP approach

“…The sensitivity analyses from certain selected ports worldwide clearly indicated that the growth of ports unerringly boost the country's economy with signi cant negative impact to the natural environ post their construction. For instance, Qingdao and Yantai ports in China showed pre and post port development from sea to land with enhanced constructions and replacement of cultivation and forest areas to development infrastructures (Yan et al, 2021). Sydney harbour in Australia was reported for prominent coastal area developments and infrastructures (Mayer-Pinto et al, 2015).…”

“…Mundra, Hazira, Karaikal, Krishnapatnam, Gangavaram and Gopalpur ports along the Indian coast have been selected to understand the impact of port intervention on their coastal environment. This paper utilized Remote Sensing and GIS techniques to assess historic and periodic Land use/ Land cover changes (Yan et al, 2021). Also, the manuscript discusses sediment quantity dynamics along the port area using numerical model simulations.…”

Evolution and Transformation Analysis of Land-use in Mountainous “Granary”—Evidence from Typical Basin in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwest China

“…We divided the study area into 33 buffer zones starting at the northernmost end of the basin and made 1 km spaced buffers to the south (Figure 1). We drew on the buffer zone gradient strip method [40]. The 33 buffer zones were divided into different gradients, such as suburban Guiyang, the county town, suburbs of the county town, and the countryside, from north to south according to the study basin location conditions.…”