Impact of Posture and Fixation Technique on Impedance Spectroscopy Used for Continuous and Noninvasive Glucose Monitoring

Aims/hypothesis We investigated the potential effects of the Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (CGMS), as compared with self-monitoring of blood glucose, on glycaemic control in children with type 1 diabetes. Methods The following electronic databases were searched throughout June 2007: MEDLINE, EMBASE and The Cochrane Library. Additional references were obtained from reviewed articles. Only randomised controlled trials were included. Results We included five trials involving 131 type 1 diabetic patients in the study. Combined data from all trials showed that the CGMS did not significantly reduce HbA 1c levels compared with control groups. The pooled weighted mean difference was −0.02% (95% CI −0.29 to 0.25) with a fixed model and remained insignificant in the random effect model. Sensitivity analysis determined that the findings were stable. There was a trend towards a longer time under the CGMS curve for glucose <3.89 mmol/l in the CGMS group compared with the control group (mean difference 49.00 min, 95% CI −18.00 to 116.00). The CGMS significantly increased the number of insulin dose changes per patient per month for those managed with CGMS compared with the control groups (mean difference 6.3 changes, 95% CI 2.88-9.72). Conclusions/interpretation The Continuous Glucose Monitoring System is not better than self-monitoring of blood glucose with regard to improvement of metabolic control among type 1 diabetic children. However, due to the small number of participants and methodological limitations of the studies included, findings of this meta-analysis should be interpreted with caution.

show abstract

“…There are several devices for CGM [5][6][7][8][9][10]. Generally, two types of CGM are distinguished.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous Glucose Monitoring System in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Some device prototypes have been developed based on this approach, and one of them also reached the market [2,13,14], but it was withdrawn and the company filed for bankruptcy [15]. A new company seems to be currently working on a similar device [16,17], but at the moment no device is on the market.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impedance spectroscopy of solutions at physiological glucose concentrations

Tura¹,

Sbrignadello²,

Barison³

et al. 2007

Biophysical Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Impedance spectroscopy has been proposed as possible approach for non-invasive glycaemia monitoring. However, few quantitative data are reported about impedance variations related to glucose concentration variations, especially below the MHz band. Furthermore, it is not clear whether glucose directly affects the impedance parameters or only indirectly by inducing biochemical phenomena. We investigated the impedance variations in glucosewater, glucose-sodium chloride, and glucose-blood samples, for increasing glucose values (up to 300 mg/dl). In all the frequency range (0.1-10 7 Hz) glucose-water samples showed impedance modulus increases for increasing glucose values (up to 135%). In blood and sodium chloride samples the impedance modulus showed only slight variations (2% and 1.4%), but again in wide frequency ranges. Therefore: i) glucose directly affects the impedance parameters of solutions; ii) effects are more relevant at frequencies below the MHz band; iii) the influence on the impedance is decreased in high conductivity solutions, but still clearly present.

show abstract

“…35 The Pendra  (Pendragon Medical) was a truly non-invasive device based on impedance spectroscopy, that is, the tissue fluid compartment of interest (microcirculation) was not violated and nothing was extracted from it. 36,37 This is in contrast to the minimally invasive devices described below. CE certification for the Pendra was obtained in Europe but the device was subsequently withdrawn by the manufacturer because of concerns over accuracy and alert features and operational failure of the device in approximately one-third of users.…”

Section: Non-and Minimally Invasive Continuous Glucose Monitoring Devmentioning

confidence: 99%

A randomised controlled trial to compare minimally invasive glucose monitoring devices with conventional monitoring in the management of insulin-treated diabetes mellitus (MITRE)

Newman

Cooke²,

Casbard³

et al. 2009

Health Technol Assess

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

How to obtain copies of this and other HTA programme reports An electronic version of this publication, in Adobe Acrobat format, is available for downloading free of charge for personal use from the HTA website (www.hta.ac.uk). A fully searchable CD-ROM is also available (see below).Printed copies of HTA monographs cost £20 each (post and packing free in the UK) to both public and private sector purchasers from our Despatch Agents.Non-UK purchasers will have to pay a small fee for post and packing. For European countries the cost is £2 per monograph and for the rest of the world £3 per monograph.You can order HTA monographs from our Despatch Agents:-fax (with credit card or official purchase order) -post (with credit card or official purchase order or cheque) -phone during office hours (credit card only).Additionally the HTA website allows you either to pay securely by credit card or to print out your order and then post or fax it. Contact details are as follows: Payment methods Paying by chequeIf you pay by cheque, the cheque must be in pounds sterling, made payable to Direct Mail Works Ltd and drawn on a bank with a UK address. Paying by credit cardThe following cards are accepted by phone, fax, post or via the website ordering pages: Delta, Eurocard, Mastercard, Solo, Switch and Visa. We advise against sending credit card details in a plain email. Paying by official purchase orderYou can post or fax these, but they must be from public bodies (i.e. NHS or universities) within the UK. We cannot at present accept purchase orders from commercial companies or from outside the UK. How do I get a copy of HTA on CD?Please use the form on the HTA website (www.hta.ac.uk/htacd.htm). Or contact Direct Mail Works (see contact details above) by email, post, fax or phone. HTA on CD is currently free of charge worldwide.The website also provides information about the HTA programme and lists the membership of the various committees. HTA NIHR Health Technology Assessment programmeT he Health Technology Assessment (HTA) programme, part of the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), was set up in 1993. It produces high-quality research information on the effectiveness, costs and broader impact of health technologies for those who use, manage and provide care in the NHS. 'Health technologies' are broadly defined as all interventions used to promote health, prevent and treat disease, and improve rehabilitation and long-term care. The research findings from the HTA programme directly influence decision-making bodies such as the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) and the National Screening Committee (NSC). HTA findings also help to improve the quality of clinical practice in the NHS indirectly in that they form a key component of the 'National Knowledge Service'. The HTA programme is needs led in that it fills gaps in the evidence needed by the NHS. There are three routes to the start of projects. First is the commissioned route. Suggestions for research are actively sought from people working in t...

show abstract

Impact of Posture and Fixation Technique on Impedance Spectroscopy Used for Continuous and Noninvasive Glucose Monitoring

Cited by 51 publications

References 13 publications

Continuous Glucose Monitoring System in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Continuous Glucose Monitoring System in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Impedance spectroscopy of solutions at physiological glucose concentrations

A randomised controlled trial to compare minimally invasive glucose monitoring devices with conventional monitoring in the management of insulin-treated diabetes mellitus (MITRE)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About