Impact of Prolonged Physical Training on the Pituitary Glucocorticoid Sensitivity Determined by Very Low Dose Intravenous Dexamethasone Suppression Test

Silva, Tatiane Sousa e; Longui, Carlos Alberto; Faria, Cláudia Dutra Costantin; Rocha, Mylene Neves; Melo, Murilo Rezende; Faria, Thelma Gomes; Almeida, Jeeser Alves de; Hayashi, Lilian Fukusima; Kater, Cláudio E.

doi:10.1055/s-2008-1078727

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In addition, we have shown that the pituitary glucocorticoid sensitivity is reduced during prolonged training [7]. The mechanisms responsible for the relative glucocorticoid resistance during prolonged exercise remains unknown but may involve modulation of target tissue expression of genes encoding the glucocorticoid receptor and/or other nuclear protein comodulators [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolonged Physical Training Decreases mRNA Levels of Glucocorticoid Receptor and Inflammatory Genes

Silva

Longui²,

Rocha³

et al. 2010

Horm Res Paediatr

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Background/Aims: Prolonged physical exercise induces adaptive alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, increasing cortisol metabolism, and reducing cortisol synthesis and glucocorticoid sensitivity. The mechanisms responsible for this relative glucocorticoid resistance remain unknown but may involve expression of genes encoding glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and/or inflammatory molecules of nuclear factor kappa B1 (NFkB1) signaling pathway and cytokines. This study aimed to determine the impact of prolonged physical training on the expression of genes involved in glucocorticoid action and inflammatory response. Methods: Normal sedentary male cadets of the Brazilian Air Force Academy were submitted to 6 weeks of standardized physical training. Eighteen of 29 initially selected cadets were able to fully complete the training program. Fasting glucose, insulin and cortisol levels, cytokine concentration and the expression of genes encoding GR, NFkB1, inhibitor of NFkB1 and IkB kinase A were determined before and after the training period. Results: Prolonged physical exercise reduced the basal cortisol levels and the percent cortisol reduction after dexamethasone. These findings were associated with a significant reduction in the mRNA levels of GR (6.3%), NFkB1 (63%), inhibitor of NFkB1 (25%) and IkB kinase A (46%) with concomitant reduction in cytokine concentrations (ELISA). Conclusions: Prolonged physical training decreases the glucocorticoid sensitivity and the mRNA levels of the GR gene combined with decreased mRNA of genes related to the NFkB pathway.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolonged Physical Training Decreases mRNA Levels of Glucocorticoid Receptor and Inflammatory Genes

Silva

Longui²,

Rocha³

et al. 2010

Horm Res Paediatr

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“…For example, dexamethasone inhibition of lipopolysaccharide‐induced IL‐6 was lower in trained compared with untrained men 35. In 18 male cadets in the Brazilian Air Force Academy, 6 weeks of intensive exercise training led to a reduction in basal cortisol levels, and in glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mRNA levels and decreased glucocorticoid sensitivity, measured as the response to intravenous low‐dose dexamethasone 45, 46. Binding capacity of GRs in peripheral blood monocytes was lower in semiprofessional soccer players than in young and older comparison subjects 47.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerobic Exercise Training and Inducible Inflammation: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial in Healthy, Young Adults

Sloan

Shapiro

McKinley

et al. 2018

JAHA

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BackgroundConsensus panels regularly recommend aerobic exercise for its health‐promoting properties, due in part to presumed anti‐inflammatory effects, but many studies show no such effect, possibly related to study differences in participants, interventions, inflammatory markers, and statistical approaches. This variability makes an unequivocal determination of the anti‐inflammatory effects of aerobic training elusive.Methods and ResultsWe conducted a randomized controlled trial of 12 weeks of aerobic exercise training or a wait list control condition followed by 4 weeks of sedentary deconditioning on lipopolysaccharide (0, 0.1, and 1.0 ng/mL)‐inducible tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and on toll‐like receptor 4 in 119 healthy, sedentary young adults. Aerobic capacity by cardiopulmonary exercise testing was measured at study entry (T1) and after training (T2) and deconditioning (T3). Despite a 15% increase in maximal oxygen consumption, there were no changes in inflammatory markers. Additional analyses revealed a differential longitudinal aerobic exercise training effect by lipopolysaccharide level in inducible TNF‐α (P=0.08) and IL‐6 (P=0.011), showing T1 to T2 increases rather than decreases in inducible (lipopolysaccharide 0.1, 1.0 versus 0.0 ng/mL) TNF‐α (51% increase, P=0.041) and IL‐6 (42% increase, P=0.11), and significant T2 to T3 decreases in inducible TNF‐α (54% decrease, P=0.007) and IL‐6 (55% decrease, P<0.001). There were no significant changes in either group at the 0.0 ng/mL lipopolysaccharide level for TNF‐α or IL‐6.ConclusionsThe failure to support the primary hypotheses and the unexpected post hoc findings of an exercise‐training–induced proinflammatory response raise questions about whether and under what conditions exercise training has anti‐inflammatory effects.Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01335737.

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“…VLD-DST – are observed after the training program. Together, these observations suggest lower activity of the HPA axis with a reduction in the pituitary negative feedback to dexamethasone, possibly reflecting a more systemic reduction in GC sensitivity [33]. …”

Section: In Vivo Evaluation Of Gc Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Glucocorticoid Sensitivity and Its Potential Clinical Applicability

Longui

Faria

2009

Horm Res Paediatr

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Glucocorticoids (GC) play an important role in physiologic and pathophysiologic adaptive responses to stress. The majority of these effects are mediated by the GC receptors (GR). GC sensitivity largely depends of the amount of available GR, and their ability to bind the GC-responsive element and/or other nuclear transcription factors, leading to modulation of the expression of GC target genes. Clinical conditions of tissue-specific GC resistance or GC hypersensitivity have been described in several diseases, such as chronic inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, and in visceral obesity, such as metabolic syndrome. Several in vivo and in vitro methods have been described, allowing the evaluation and quantitation of GC sensitivity. The recognition of these parameters has improved our comprehension of the mechanisms involved in those diseases, with potential implications for the diagnosis and therapy of such abnormalities.

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Impact of Prolonged Physical Training on the Pituitary Glucocorticoid Sensitivity Determined by Very Low Dose Intravenous Dexamethasone Suppression Test

Cited by 10 publications

References 5 publications

Prolonged Physical Training Decreases mRNA Levels of Glucocorticoid Receptor and Inflammatory Genes

Prolonged Physical Training Decreases mRNA Levels of Glucocorticoid Receptor and Inflammatory Genes

Aerobic Exercise Training and Inducible Inflammation: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial in Healthy, Young Adults

Evaluation of Glucocorticoid Sensitivity and Its Potential Clinical Applicability

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