Education (ACGME) set common standards for r'esident duty hours, with the goal of enhancing education and patient safety in teaching institutions.1 These restrictions limited residents to an average of 80 hours per week, with a maximum shift length of 30 hours, 10 hours off between shifts, and 1 day free of clinical duties per week. The initial restrictions were accompanied by requirements that faculty provide adequate and graduated supervision of residents, that programs educate faculty and residents as to signs of fatigue, and that programs and institutions prioritize patient safety. Before the ACGME could revisit its 2003 limits, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) responded to continued concern over patient safety by issuing a report calling for further changes.
2The IOM based its recommendations on studies showing that the 2003 standards had not resulted in added sleep for residents 3 or a reduction in resident fatigue. 4,5 Studies using Medicare and Veterans Administration data failed to show a positive effect of resident duty hour restrictions on patient safety or quality of inpatient care, 6-9 and one review found that positive changes for residents were balanced by negative changes for faculty.10 A recent systematic review found little or no change before and after duty hour restrictions on a diverse range of outcomes including examination scores, surgical volume, and quality of care measures.
11Program directors in a range of specialties have expressed reservations about these new restrictions, with