Impact of recent conversion to organic farming on physical properties and their consequences on runoff, erosion and crusting in a silty soil

Morvan, Xavier; Verbeke, L.; Laratte, Sébastien; Schneider, Arnaud

doi:10.1016/j.catena.2018.02.024

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In clay soils, the formation of cracks depends on the temporal dynamics of soil water content 55 . LT and CT were both classified as sandy loam, but the swell-shrinkage of LT was severer than CT due to its initial looseness, forming complex rill network in LT. Organic matter can improve the stability of aggregates and reduce runoff and soil crust formation in silty soil 34,56 . But CT, which had the same poor organic matter content of 2.95 g kg −1 as LT, was consolidated only due to gravity compaction (Table 4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Erosion characteristics of different reclaimed substrates on iron tailings slopes under simulated rainfall

Guo

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Water-induced erosion of iron tailings is a serious problem affecting ecological restoration, but, little is known about how the occurrence of erosion on tailings slopes and types of reclaimed substrates that are beneficial to reducing slope erosion. This study measured the slope erosion characteristics of six reclaimed substrates including loose tailings (Lt), crusty tailings (ct), tailings incorporating mushroom residues (tM), tailings incorporating soil (tS), tailings incorporating soil and mushroom residues (TSM) and soil (S) in experimental soil flumes under three simulated intermittent rainfall events, with intensity of 60, 90 and 120 mm h −1 for the first, second and third event, respectively. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found in erosion characteristics among the six reclaimed substrates. TM had the lowest sediment yield but the highest runoff volume without obvious rills. LT, CT and TS had the highest sediment yield rates and severe slope erosion morphology. With the increased number of rainfall events, the runoff rates of the six substrates all increased, but only the sediment yield rates of LT, CT and TS increased, the sediment yield rates of other substrates increased first and then decreased. therefore, adding agricultural organic wastes such as mushroom residues to tailings and reducing soil addition may be an effective way to reduce erosion and promote ecological restoration in soilless tailings areas. Mining is essential for maintaining society's current life style and economic development. However, mining also impacts the environment 1-3. One of the most significant environmental impacts from mining is soil erosion, which has received increasing attention 3-8. Waste dumps generated from mining usually consist of unconsolidated waste rock, parent material, tailings or their mixtures 9,10. The waste dumps are piled on the land surface in the form of overburden dump. They usually become the material source for debris flow, river sediment, and hyper-concentrated sediment flow of artificially accelerated erosion 11,12 as well as the source of wind erosion 13,14. The erosion forms and characteristics of mining waste dumps are different from those occuring naturally 5. Accumulated overburden dump material is prone to gravity erosion 12 , causing abrupt increases or decreases in sediment yield 15. Erosion in coal waste slag has shown extreme sediment fluctuation at the beginning of runoff, accompanied by local debris flow 16. Martín Duque et al. 1 observed that tailing deposits underwent severe erosion after long-term abandonment, and as a result, caused a mosaic-like erosion and sedimentary landforms with gully formations upon and piping within deposits. Therefore, at a larger scale, it is important to reconstruct stable post-mining landforms and control erosion, which have been claimed in mine reclamation regulations in different countries 17,18. Most of the traditional landform reconstruction is in the form of terraces and contoured banks 3. Recent studies indicated that geomorphic-based mi...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Erosion characteristics of different reclaimed substrates on iron tailings slopes under simulated rainfall

Guo

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Moreover, the decline of SOC under ve consecutive years of mulching application damaged the stability of the soil aggregates because the organic matter stabilized the aggregates by increasing their cohesion through the binding of mineral particles by organic polymers. Positive correlations between the soil organic matter content and soil aggregate stability have been reported (Spaccini et al, 2004;Hati et al, 2006;Hati et al, 2008;Papadopoulos et al, 2014;Morvan et al, 2018). Guerrero et al (2000) also reported that organic amendment increased the stability of the 2-to 4-mm aggregates three months after 1 kg•m − 2 compost was applied to the burned forest soil.…”

Section: Aggregate Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 87%

Plastic mulching reduces surface-soil microbial biomass carbon and structural stability in a pear orchard

Yang

Zhao²,

Sun³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background and aims Plastic mulching (PM) can improve soil aggregate stability and microbial activity, thereby preventing soil degradation in crop fields, which are different from the conditions in the orchard. However, little is known about the response of surface-soil microbial and structural stability to PM applied in orchards. Methods An experiment was conducted from 2017 to 2020 in a pear orchard. Two treatments consisted of no mulching and plastic (black woven polypropylene fabric) lying under a pear tree canopy. Results Results showed that the soil microbial biomass carbon content (MBC), organic carbon content (SOC), and ratio of MBC/SOC of PM treatment declined by 49.2%, 13.4%, and 41.3%, respectively. In particular, the significant decline in ratio of MBC/SOC indicated that SOC content would decrease in the future. Mean weight diameter and geometric diameter of soil aggregates in PM treatment decreased by approximately 20%, as compared with no mulching. The decrease in MBC, SOC and soil aggregates stability under PM were mainly resulted from the reduction in root exudate production and root-associated symbionts, causing by the absence of grass roots. These can be proved by the soil gas exchange and concentration. Soil respiration and mineralization were decreased by PM, but soil oxygen concentration at 10 cm depth in PM were improved, due to the oxygen consumed by microbial in no mulching treatment and low gas exchange at this depth. Conclusions Unlike the crop field, protecting the surface soil in orchard from degradation under long-term plastic mulching application is worth considering.

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“…Therefore, with increases in aggregate stability indices, the erodibility of soil decreases. In general, both the formation of macroaggregates and the accumulation of SOC appears to increase soil aggregation faster than it increases soil carbon [69,70]. This indicates the significant impact of land management on soil aggregation, including impacts of organic matter turnover and the destruction of aggregates by tillage practices.…”

Section: Relationship Among Soil Organic Matter Aggregate Stability and Erosion Indicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Sensitivity to Wind and Water Erosion as Affected by Land Use in Southern Iran

Mozaffari

Rezaei

Ostovari

2021

Earth

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Land degradation by soil erosion is one of the most severe environmental issues that is greatly dependent on land use management. In this study, the effects of long-term land use management (including annual cultivated field (ACF), fallow field (FF), rangeland (R), and orchard field (OF)), soil depth (0–10 and 10–20 cm), and soil organic matter content (SOM) on wind- and water-erosion indices were investigated in calcareous soils of southern Iran. Soil samples were collected from four above-mentioned land-use types, and some soil properties and erosion indices were measured. Results showed that the most of soil aggregates stability indices in the surface layer (0–10 cm) of OF were higher than those in ACF, FF, and R, respectively, by nearly 39%, 32%, and 47% for dry mean weight diameter of aggregates (MWDdry); 10%, 10%, and 48% for dry geometric mean weight diameter of aggregates (GMDdry); 21%, 17%, and 15% for water-stable aggregates (WSA); and 11%, 16%, and 31% for aggregate stability index (ASI). Moreover, the mean of the soil wind erosion indicators in OF (0–10 cm) were lower than those in ACF, FF, and R, respectively, by nearly 18%, 24%, and 26%, for wind-erodible fraction (EF); 43%, 38%, and 49% for soil erodibility to wind erosion (K); and 36%, 32%, and 41% for wind erosion rate (ER). In ACF, despite the high clay content, some aggregate stability indices such as MWøDdry and WSA were the lowest among studied land-use types which showed the negative effects of conventional tillage practices. Depth factor had only a significant effect on dust emission potential (DEP) in ACF, FF, and OF. In addition, there were significant and strong correlations between SOM and MWDdry (r = 0.79), WSA (r = 0.77), EF (r = −0.85), K (r = 0.74), and ER (r = 0.74) in all datasets.

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Impact of recent conversion to organic farming on physical properties and their consequences on runoff, erosion and crusting in a silty soil

Cited by 19 publications

References 45 publications

Erosion characteristics of different reclaimed substrates on iron tailings slopes under simulated rainfall

Erosion characteristics of different reclaimed substrates on iron tailings slopes under simulated rainfall

Plastic mulching reduces surface-soil microbial biomass carbon and structural stability in a pear orchard

Soil Sensitivity to Wind and Water Erosion as Affected by Land Use in Southern Iran

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