Impact of Reduced Dietary Crude Protein in the Starter Phase on Immune Development and Response of Broilers Throughout the Growth Period

Kamely, Mohammad; He, Wanwei; Wakaruk, Jeremy; Whelan, Rose; Naranjo, Víctor; Barreda, Daniel R.

doi:10.3389/fvets.2020.00436

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…This present finding is in agreement with the reports of previous researchers [18,27,31,32] who confirmed that maintaining a minimum level of 2.32% in diets via Gly supplementation allowed to decreased dietary CP concentration up to 3% or more without compromising the accumulative growth performance of broiler chickens (1-21 d old). Also, our result is in accordance with previous reports which suggested that maintenance of optimal amino acid ratios for essential amino acids and sufficient total Gly + Ser levels appear most important considerations in formulating broiler diets with reduced CP concentrations [2,25,[33][34][35]. According to Kamely et al [36], feeding low protein diets formulated to provide higher Gly + Ser and meet digestible amino acid requirements could be an efficient way to reduce nitrogen excretion to the environment and decrease feed cost without impacting growth performance.…”

Section: Tablesupporting

confidence: 93%

Impact of Glycine Supplementation to Dietary Crude Protein Reduction in Broiler Chickens

Aguihe¹,

Ilaboya²,

Joshua³

2023

Dietary Supplements - Challenges and Future Research

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A 21-day experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary reduction of crude protein (CP) concentrations with graded levels of supplemental glycine (Gly) on growth performance of broiler chickens. Day-old chicks (n = 250) were randomly divided into five treatment groups which were divided into five replicates of ten chicks each in a completely randomized design. The treatments were as follows: T1 comprised of the control group with a standard CP diet (SCPD; 3100 kcal ME/kg and 22% CP) while T2, T3, T4 and T5 comprised of groups fed reduced CP diets (RCPD; 3100 kcal ME/kg and 19% CP) with supplemental Gly at 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8% graded levels, respectively. Weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) data was collected on a weekly basis. Final body weight and weight gain of birds fed control and 0.8% Gly diets were similar and higher (P < 0.05) than those fed other treatment diets. A similar FCR was recorded among birds fed control, 0.6% and 0.8% Gly diets but lower (P < 0.05) than other treatment groups. Therefore, a minimum level of 0.6% Gly supplementation is necessary to optimized performance of broilers (21-d old) fed RCPD.

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Section: Tablesupporting

confidence: 93%

Impact of Glycine Supplementation to Dietary Crude Protein Reduction in Broiler Chickens

Aguihe¹,

Ilaboya²,

Joshua³

2023

Dietary Supplements - Challenges and Future Research

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“…It is worth noting that Kamely et al ( 44 ) reported no differences in inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and IL-1β expression in the abdominal cavity exudate of Ross 708 broilers. The discrepancy between the present study and Kamely et al ( 44 ) suggests that a low protein diet might affect the inflammatory system in a tissue-specific manner [systemic in our experimental conditions vs. local or abdominal cavity in Kamely et al ( 44 )]. The difference in the experimental approaches (diet formulation, amino acid levels, etc.)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Spirulina platensis Inclusion Reverses Circulating Pro-inflammatory (Chemo)cytokine Profiles in Broilers Fed Low-Protein Diets

et al. 2021

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Proteins are considered the most expensive nutrients in commercial modern broiler production, and their dietary inclusion at low levels is pivotal to minimize feed costs and reduce nitrogen waste. The quest for an environmentally friendly source of proteins that favor the formulation of low protein diets without compromising broiler health, welfare, and growth performance has become a hotspot in nutrition research. Due to its high protein content, the naturally growing Spirulina microalgae is considered a promising nutrient source. The purpose of the present study was, therefore, to determine the effects of Spirulina supplementation on liver bacterial translocation, hematological profile, and circulating inflammatory and redox markers in broilers fed a low-protein diet. One-day-old Ross 708 male broilers (n = 180) were randomly assigned into one of three experimental treatments: standard diet as a control, low protein diet, and low protein diet supplemented with 100 g/kg of Spirulina. Target molecular markers were measured in the peripheral blood circulation using real-time quantitative PCR. Reducing dietary proteins increased bacterial translocation and systemic inflammation as indicated by proportions of basophils among blood leukocytes. The expression levels of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-3, IL-6, IL-4, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor-α], chemokines (CCL-20), and NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome were significantly upregulated in birds fed the low protein diet compared with the control. The inclusion of Spirulina reversed these effects, which indicates that Spirulina reduces systemic inflammation- and bacterial translocation-induced by a low protein diet and could be a promising alternative protein source in poultry diets.

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“…Even under conditions of dietary deficiency for key substrate AA, prioritization of immune molecules synthesis can take priority over growth, as has been shown for prioritization of Arg for nitric oxide production in Eimeria -infected birds fed Arg deficient diets ( Rochell et al, 2017b ). Nonetheless, impaired immune response and increased disease susceptibility can occur when birds are fed reduced protein diets with unbalanced AA profiles ( Grimble and Grimble, 1998 ; Li et al, 2007 ; Kamely et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Physiological Morphological and Metabolic Changes Following ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Precision intestinal nutrition: knowledge and gaps regarding the role of amino acids during an enteric challenge

Lee

Rochell

2022

Poultry Science

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Poultry nutritionists continually strive for more “precision” nutritional programs that provide the exact balance of nutrients that maximize broiler growth performance without economically and environmentally costly excesses. Many factors affect the precise amount and balance of nutrients needed by the broiler, including genetics, age, sex, and environment. Furthermore, broilers in intensive rearing environments will almost always be subjected to some degree of enteric stress that can alter nutrient needs. Exposure to enteric pathogens such as Eimeria spp., the intestinal parasites that cause avian coccidiosis, induces physical damage to the intestinal epithelium and activates immune responses, ultimately resulting in the repartitioning of amino acids ( AA ) in response to these prioritized demands. Even without any pathogenic challenge, the intestine has an already high demand for many AA, with 30 to 100% of dietary AA extracted during first pass intestinal metabolism. In many cases, increasing dietary protein from intact proteins has been shown to be a viable option to ameliorate impaired AA digestion and absorption and heightened need for certain AA of birds under an enteric stress. However, increasing dietary protein often results in concomitant increases in indigestible protein and carbohydrates that can stimulate the overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria (i.e., Clostridium perfringens ). Alternative options to increase dietary AA levels are to increase all feed-grade, free AA (e.g., Met, Lys, Thr, Val), or specific individual feed-grade AA. Therefore, the objectives of this paper are to discuss precision nutrition, the dietary AA demands of the intestine, consequences of coccidiosis on AA needs of the intestine, and formulation approaches to meet these altered needs. In summary, increased dietary protein met by intact proteins has consistently demonstrated its benefits during an Eimeria spp. infection; however, to further the goal of precision nutritional programs, feeding higher levels of a specific AA to support desired functions such as intestinal recovery or immune function for birds experiencing an enteric stress still require further evaluation.

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Impact of Reduced Dietary Crude Protein in the Starter Phase on Immune Development and Response of Broilers Throughout the Growth Period

Cited by 15 publications

References 38 publications

Impact of Glycine Supplementation to Dietary Crude Protein Reduction in Broiler Chickens

Impact of Glycine Supplementation to Dietary Crude Protein Reduction in Broiler Chickens

Spirulina platensis Inclusion Reverses Circulating Pro-inflammatory (Chemo)cytokine Profiles in Broilers Fed Low-Protein Diets

Precision intestinal nutrition: knowledge and gaps regarding the role of amino acids during an enteric challenge

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