Impact of Resistance Exercise under Hypoxia on Postexercise Hemodynamics in Healthy Young Males

Horiuchi, Masahiro; Ni-i-nou, Arisa; Miyazaki, Michihiko; Ando, Daisuke; Koyama, Katsuhiro

doi:10.1155/2018/1456972

Cited by 8 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Our finding contrasts with a previous study that investigated PEH in hypoxia following resistance exercise. [ 21 ] In this study, healthy young males showed significantly lower SBP and DBP levels 10, 20, and 30 minutes post-resistance exercise in hypoxia (FiO2 13.0%) compared to normoxia. [ 21 ] A key difference with our study is that they examined resistance exercise, compared to endurance exercise in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…[ 21 ] In this study, healthy young males showed significantly lower SBP and DBP levels 10, 20, and 30 minutes post-resistance exercise in hypoxia (FiO2 13.0%) compared to normoxia. [ 21 ] A key difference with our study is that they examined resistance exercise, compared to endurance exercise in our study. Whilst this difference in exercise mode may explain cross-study findings, former within-subject comparisons support the hypothesis that the mode of exercise (resistance vs endurance) does not alter the magnitude of PEH.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Indeed, 1 previous study found a more profound PEH in response to resistance exercise under hypoxia versus normoxia. [ 21 ] Therefore, hypoxia may elicit a larger magnitude of PEH compared to normoxia. This is potentially relevant, since acute changes in BP with (hypoxic) exercise may relate to long-term changes in resting BP after regular exercise training.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The acute and chronic effects of high-intensity exercise in hypoxia on blood pressure and post-exercise hypotension

et al. 2020

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Background: Acute exercise leads to an immediate drop in blood pressure (BP), also called post-exercise hypotension (PEH). Exercise in hypoxia is related to additional vasodilation, potentially contributing to more profound PEH. Therefore, we investigated the impact of hypoxia versus normoxia on the magnitude of PEH. Second, we examined whether these changes in PEH relate to the BP-lowering effects of 12-week exercise training under hypoxia. Methods: In this prospective study, 21 healthy individuals (age 22.2 ± 3.0 years, 14 male) performed a 45-minute high-intensity running exercise on 2 different days in a random order, under hypoxia (fraction of inspired oxygen 14.5%) and normoxia (fraction of inspired oxygen 20.9%). BP was examined pre-exercise ( t = 0) and at t = 15, t = 30, t = 45, and t = 60 minutes post-exercise. Afterward, subjects took part in a 12-week hypoxic running exercise training program. Resting BP was measured before and after the 12-week training program. Results: Acute exercise induced a significant decrease in systolic BP (systolic blood pressure [SBP], P = .001), but not in diastolic BP (diastolic blood pressure [DBP], P = .113). No significant differences were observed in post-exercise BP between hypoxic and normoxic conditions (SBP, P = .324 and DBP, P = .204). Post-exercise changes in SBP, DBP, and mean arterial pressure significantly correlated to the 12-week exercise training-induced changes in SBP ( r = 0.557, P = .001), DBP ( r = 0.615, P < .001), and mean arterial pressure ( r = 0.458, P = .011). Conclusion: Our findings show that hypoxia does not alter the magnitude of PEH in healthy individuals, whilst PEH relates to the BP-lowering effects of exercise. These data highlight the strong link between acute and chronic changes in BP.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The acute and chronic effects of high-intensity exercise in hypoxia on blood pressure and post-exercise hypotension

et al. 2020

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“…[3] The Hypoxico Everest Summit II is an altitude simulator that has been used within research to produce hypoxic conditions. [4][5][6][7] Spurling, Zammit and Lozewicz [4] employed the Hypoxico to produce normobaric hypoxia in the evaluation of at-risk patients during air travel. The product is also available for public consumption with Hypoxico's wider clientele including Olympic committees, universities, and the US army.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability and validity of the Hypoxico Everest Summit II altitude generator

Harwood

Wright

Burnet

2021

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P:

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The Hypoxico Everest Summit II Altitude Generator produces normobaric hypoxic conditions, which are commonly used in altitude acclimation. Despite being used routinely within applied sport science, this system is yet to be independently validated. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore within- and between-day inter- and intra-machine reliability and validity. Two Hypoxico Everest Summit II Altitude Generators were investigated for six altitude settings in a randomised order (0.5, 3.0, 5.5, 8.0, 10.5, 12.0). Following institutional ethics approval, Hypoxico generated air was sequentially pumped into three Douglas bags, each with a 1-min collection period. Samples were collected on eight occasions, measuring inter- and intra-machine reliability, both within-day (9 AM–2 PM) and between-day (48-h) with samples analysed to determine FiO2 (%) and volume (L·min−1). Coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated for FiO2 and volume for each altitude setting. Mean CV for FiO2 did not exceed 0.42% within-day, 0.49% between-day and 0.81% inter-machine. Volume mean CV did not exceed 0.85% within-day, 0.91% between-day and 1.17% inter-machine. One-sampled t-tests were conducted comparing Hypoxico reference values with collected samples using equivalent FiO2 for each altitude setting with a Bonferroni corrected significance set at p < 0.004. Settings 3.0, 5.5, 8.0, 10.5 and 12.0 all produced significantly different ( p < 0.001) FiO2 concentrations than the reference values stated (−0.51, −0.97, −0.72, +0.41 and +0.40%, respectively). Altitude setting and 1-min volume had an inverse relationship. All settings produced a significantly lower ( p < 0.001) volume by 21.80 to 35.40 L·min−1 as compared to the company’s claim of 126.6 L·min−1. The Hypoxico Everest Summit II produced a reliable and consistent air feed; however, the manufacturer’s reference values demonstrated poor agreement with machine produced FiO2 and volume. Therefore, it is recommended that athletes, practitioners and researchers self-validate the altitude generator post-warm-up using an accurate oxygen sensor for accuracy and safety purposes.

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“…In addition, acute post-exercise blood pressure reduction (i.e. post-exercise hypotension, PEH) (Halliwill et al 2013 ) may be intensified after hypoxic exercise (Horiuchi et al 2016 , 2018 ; Saito et al 2019 ) leading to an increased risk of orthostatic intolerance and hypotension (Halliwill et al 2014 ) in the presence of an affected autonomic blood pressure control (i.e. impaired arterial baroreflex sensitivity).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-exercise cardiac autonomic and cardiovascular responses to heart rate-matched and work rate-matched hypoxic exercise

et al. 2021

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Purpose This study investigated the effect of performing hypoxic exercise at the same heart rate (HR) or work rate (WR) as normoxic exercise on post-exercise autonomic and cardiovascular responses. Methods Thirteen men performed three interval-type exercise sessions (5 × 5-min; 1-min recovery): normoxic exercise at 80% of the WR at the first ventilatory threshold (N), hypoxic exercise (FiO2 = 14.2%) at the same WR as N (H-WR) and hypoxic exercise at the same HR as N (H-HR). Autonomic and cardiovascular assessments were conducted before and after exercise, both at rest and during active squat–stand manoeuvres (SS). Results Compared to N, H-WR elicited a higher HR response (≈ 83% vs ≈ 75%HRmax, p < 0.001) and H-HR a reduced exercise WR (− 21.1 ± 9.3%, p < 0.001). Cardiac parasympathetic indices were reduced 15 min after exercise and recovered within 60 min in N and H-HR, but not after H-WR (p < 0.05). H-WR altered cardiac baroreflex sensitivity (cBRS) both at rest and during SS (specifically in the control of blood pressure fall during standing phases) in the first 60 min after the exercise bout (p < 0.05). Post-exercise hypotension (PEH) did not occur in H-HR (p > 0.05) but lasted longer in H-WR than in N (p < 0.05). Conclusions Moderate HR-matched hypoxic exercise mimicked post-exercise autonomic responses of normoxic exercise without resulting in significant PEH. This may relate to the reduced WR and the limited associated mechanical/metabolic strain. Conversely, WR-matched hypoxic exercise impacted upon post-exercise autonomic and cardiovascular responses, delaying cardiac autonomic recovery, temporarily decreasing cBRS and evoking prolonged PEH.

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Impact of Resistance Exercise under Hypoxia on Postexercise Hemodynamics in Healthy Young Males

Cited by 8 publications

References 43 publications

The acute and chronic effects of high-intensity exercise in hypoxia on blood pressure and post-exercise hypotension

The acute and chronic effects of high-intensity exercise in hypoxia on blood pressure and post-exercise hypotension

Reliability and validity of the Hypoxico Everest Summit II altitude generator

Post-exercise cardiac autonomic and cardiovascular responses to heart rate-matched and work rate-matched hypoxic exercise

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