Impact of scaled fitness functions on a floating‐point genetic algorithm to optimise the operation of standalone microgrids

Abstract

Standalone hybrid remote area power systems, also known as microgrids (MGs), can provide reasonably priced electricity in geographically isolated and the edge of grid locations for their operators. To achieve the reliable operation of MGs, whilst consuming minimal fossil fuels and maximising the penetration of renewables, the voltage and frequency should be maintained within acceptable limits. This can be accomplished by solving an optimisation problem. Floating-point genetic algorithm (FP-GA) is a heuristic technique that has a proven track record of effectively identifying the optimal solutions. However, in addition to needing appropriate operators, the solver needs a fitness function to yield the most optimal control variables. In this study, a suitable fitness function is formulated, by including the operational, interruption and technical costs, which are then solved with an FP-GA, with different combinations of operators. The developed fitness function and the considered operators are tested for the non-linear optimisation problem of a 38-bus MG. Detailed discussions are provided on the impact, which different operators have upon the outcomes of the fitness function. Ratio DDER ratio of power supplied by each DDER S BSS , S DDER , S load , S line , S NDER apparent power of BSS, DDER, load, line and NDER SoC, SoC min , SoC max SoC and its minimum and maximum values v wind speed V , V min , V max , V nom , ΔV voltage magnitude and its lower, upper, and nominal values and its deviation from the nominal value Y bus Y-bus of the network ΔT time period η gearbox efficiency λ tip-speed ratio θ blade pitch angle ρ standard atmosphere air density

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