Impact of silymarin on cadmium‐induced apoptosis in human spermatozoa

Etemadi, Tahereh; Momeni, Hamid Reza; Ghafarizadeh, Ali Asghar

doi:10.1111/and.13795

Cited by 23 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…This induces apoptosis by releasing apoptogenic factors such as cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factors (AIF) from the mitochondria (Ott et al, 2007). Accordingly, in the previous study, we showed that cadmium could trigger apoptosis in human spermatozoa (Etemadi et al, 2020). Cadmium-induced oxidative stress may also be a hypothesis for affecting the plasma membrane integrity and early induction of the acrosomal reaction in the spermatozoa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Silymarin modulates cadmium‐induced oxidative stress in human spermatozoa

et al. 2022

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Environmental pollutants such as cadmium can negatively affect sperm parameters and decrease male fertility by inducing oxidative stress. Antioxidants are considered a useful strategy for oxidative stress conditions to neutralize free radicals and strengthen the antioxidant defence system. In this study, the effects of the common application of silymarin, as a natural antioxidant, with cadmium were assessed on human sperm. The washed human sperm samples were divided into five groups:(1) spermatozoa at 0-hour; (2) spermatozoa at 3 h; (3) spermatozoa treated with cadmium (20 μM) for 3 h; (4) spermatozoa treated with silymarin (2 μM) + cadmium (20 μM) for 3 h and (5) spermatozoa treated with silymarin (2 μM) for 3 h. Our results displayed that cadmium reduced sperm motility, viability, plasma membrane integrity and acrosome integrity by increasing malondialdehyde levels and decreasing the total antioxidant capacity and antioxidant enzymes activity. While silymarin attenuated oxidative stress biomarkers in human sperm treated with cadmium, and consequently improved the sperm quality. In summary, cadmium-induced oxidative stress impaired human sperm structures and silymarin with its antioxidant properties compensated for the adverse effects of oxidative stress on human spermatozoa.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Additionally, silymarin reduced the increased amount of malondialdehyde in varicocele rats (Moshtaghion et al, 2013). Furthermore, the protective effects of silymarin have proven on some human sperm parameters (Aghashahi et al, 2020; Etemadi et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silymarin modulates cadmium‐induced oxidative stress in human spermatozoa

et al. 2022

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“…An important factor in the transmission of species from generation to generation is the selection of superior cellular traits and the rejection of cellular mechanisms that are detrimental to reproductive development. Various physical factors, toxins, radioactivity, etc., have the chance to stimulate the activation of this mechanism (Alam et al, 2010;Etemadi et al, 2020;Wang et al, 2017;Xue et al, 2022). If spermatogenesis is compromised in any way, germ cells often go into apoptosis by default (Lin et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat exposure promotes apoptosis and pyroptosis in Sertoli cells

WANG¹,

He²,

Gao³

et al. 2023

Biocell

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Heat stress is an important influence on the male reproductive organs. Therefore, the effects of heat stress on genes or pathways related to the reproductive system of male mice were experimentally explored in this paper to further determine the effects of heat stimulation on mammals. Herein, models of heat-exposed mouse testicular tissue and heatexcited cells were successfully established. Many scorched vesicles were found after heat excitation of testis supporting cells, testicular mesenchymal (TM4) cells. Western blot, in situ terminal deoxynucleotide transferase dUTP Nick end labeling (TUNEL) and transmission electron microscopy showed that membrane rupture, mitochondrial damage and autophagic vesicles occurred in TM4 cells after thermal excitation. The N-segment fragment of the associated protein shear was increased, and the TUNEL result was positive. In conclusion, thermal excitation induced apoptosis and scorch death in TM4 cells. Thus, the Hippo pathway and apoptosis-related pathway were significantly enriched after heat stimulation in mouse testis, and the scorch death effect in TM4 cells was induced by heat excitation.

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“…Spermatozoa treated with Cd resulted in chromatin condensation; DNA fragmentation and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) damage which are typical morphologic and biochemical features of apoptosis were reported by Etemadi et al (2020). From these studies, Cd can directly induce toxicity on matured sperm cells, thus, mitigating its fertilising capacity.…”

Section: Spermatozoamentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The seminiferous tubule germ cells have been reported to respond to different imminent testicular toxicants by apoptosis (Blanchard & Johnson, 1997). Several studies have reported Cd‐induced testicular apoptosis and their mechanism of action (Amanpour et al, 2020; Bashir et al, 2019; Boujelben et al, 2018; Dai et al, 2019; Etemadi et al, 2020; Saha et al, 2019; Shi & Fu, 2019; Xu & Yang, 2018) see Figure 2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of cadmium on male fertility: Lessons learnt so far

2022

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Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most dangerous heavy metals in the world. Globally, toxicities associated with cadmium and its attendant negative impact on humans and animals cannot be under-estimated. Cd is a heavy metal, and people are exposed to it through contaminated foods and smoking. Cd exerts its deleterious impacts on the testes (male reproductive system) by inducing oxidative stress, spermatogenic cells apoptosis, testicular inflammation, decreasing androgenic and sperm cell functions, disrupting ionic homeostasis, pathways and epigenetic gene regulation, damaging vascular endothelium and blood testes barrier. In association with other industrial byproducts, Cd has been incriminated for the recent decline of male fertility rate seen in both man and animals. Understanding the processes involved in Cd-induced testicular toxicity is vital for the innovation of techniques that will help ameliorate infertility in males. In this review, we summed up recent studies on the processes of testicular toxicity and male infertility due to Cd exposure. Also, the usage of different compounds including phytochemicals, and plant extracts to manage Cd reprotoxicity will be reviewed.

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Impact of silymarin on cadmium‐induced apoptosis in human spermatozoa

Cited by 23 publications

References 56 publications

Silymarin modulates cadmium‐induced oxidative stress in human spermatozoa

Silymarin modulates cadmium‐induced oxidative stress in human spermatozoa

Heat exposure promotes apoptosis and pyroptosis in Sertoli cells

Impacts of cadmium on male fertility: Lessons learnt so far

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