Impact of Simulated Pesticide Spray Drift and Runoff Events on the Structural and Functional Zooplankton Diversity in Tropical Freshwater Microcosms

Toward a tiered regulatory framework for the prospective aquatic effect assessment of pesticides in (Neo)tropical areas

“…Future model ecosystem studies in tropical areas are much needed since they allow for (i) evaluation of simulated local exposure profiles based on intended uses (e.g., Moreira et al, 2021); (ii) identification of sensitive indigenous species for use as the standard test species in single‐species tests, which may be especially important since most sensitive species in tropical and temperate systems may be from different taxonomic groups (e.g., Daam et al, 2009); (iii) validation of the use of temperate toxicity data in lower‐tier tropical effect assessment procedures and evaluation of the need for an additional assessment factor (Daam & Van den Brink, 2011); and (iv) confirmation of whether indirect effects are more pronounced, and time‐to‐recovery longer, under tropical semifield conditions for a wider range of pesticides (Daam & Van den Brink, 2010 and references therein). Such studies could greatly benefit from the experience gained in the tropical model ecosystem studies discussed above and recommendations made for the experimental design to be adopted in such studies (season, nutrient additions, inclusion of in situ tests and artificial substrates, and so forth; Daam & Van den Brink, 2011).…”