Impact of Soil Management and Two Botanical Insecticides on Urease and Invertase Activity

Abstract

Yard waste compost provides an organic amendment useful for improving soil structure and nutrient status. The activities of the enzymes hydrolyzing urea (urease) and sucrose (invertase) in the rhizosphere of potato plants were determined under field conditions. Soil urease and invertase activities were monitored in compost amended soil, grass buffer strips, and in adjacent bare soils during 35 d following soil treatment. Soil urease activity was increased by application of yard waste compost compared to untreated soil which provide evidence of increased soil microbial population following application of compost. Some transitional effects on urease activities were observed following Pyrethrins and Neemix-4E application, these effects were neither drastic nor prolonged enough to be considered deleterious to the soil microorganisms and their activities important to soil fertility. No relationship was found between invertase activity and the three management practices or soil organic matter content. It is suggested that application of botanical insecticides like pyrethrins and Neemix-4E may be useful in delaying urea fertilizer mineralization to maintain N in a form less leachable, so that the duration of N availability to plants is prolonged. The present study may also provide information on urease activity as a sensitive bioindicator of soil quality that reflects the effects of land management on soil quality and may assist land managers in monitoring long-term productivity and sustainability of agricultural lands.

Impact of Pesticides on Selected Soil Mycoflora

“…The microbial mineralization of organic compounds and associated biotransformations such as nutrient dynamics and their bioavailability are also more or less adversely affected by the pesticides (Demanou et al, 2004;Kinney et al, 2005;Mahia et al, 2008;Niewiadomska, 2004 pesticides also reduce soil enzymatic activities that act as a ''biological index'' of soil fertility and biological processes in the soil environment (Antonious, 2003;Monkiedje et al, 2002). There are also reports documenting the ability of soil microorganisms to degrade pesticides in the soil environment (Hussain et al, 2007;Kumar and Philip, 2006).…”

Pseudomonas putida and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens alleviates the adverse effect of pesticides and poise soil enzymes activities in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) rhizosphere

“…Researchers have proven that herbicides and fungicides appear to have no effect (Cycon et al 2010, Yan et al 2011, Baćmaga et al 2012 or reduced effect on the activity of urease (Sukul 2006, Caceres et al 2009, Tejada 2011. Application of pesticides decreases the urease activity in the soil which is beneficial for plants by reducing the hydrolysis of urea because it helps to maintain nitrogen availability to plant (Antonious 2003). On the other hand, the fungicides validamycin and Car enhanced urease activity, respectively, up to 13-21% and to 70% (Qian et al 2007, Yan et al 2011.…”

Effects Of Herbicides And Fungicides On The Soil Chitinolytic Activity. A Molecular Docking Approach

“…The experimental studies have proven that the herbicides and fungicides once entered in contact with soil microorganisms have inhibitory effects on enzymes: nitrogenase [45], hydrolases, oxidoreductases, dehydrogenases [46,47], catalase [47], urease [44,47,48], beta-glucosidase [49] and so on. Our study reveals that the herbicides chlorsulfuron and nicosulfuron and the pesticides difenoconazole and drazoxolon have an inhibitory potential on the soil chitinolytic activity.…”