Impact of somatic cell count combined with differential somatic cell count on milk protein fractions in Holstein cattle

Abstract

Udder health in dairy herds is a very important issue given its implications for animal welfare and the production of high-quality milk. Somatic cell count (SCC) is the most widely used means of assessing udder health status. However, differential somatic cell count (DSCC) has recently been proposed as a new and more effective means of evaluating intramammary infection dynamics. Differential SCC represents the combined percentage of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and lymphocytes (PMN-LYM) in the total SCC, with macrophages (MAC) accounting for the remaining proportion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between SCC and DSCC and the detailed milk protein profile in a population of 1,482 Holstein cows. A validated reversed-phase HPLC method was used to quantify 4 caseins (CN), namely α S1 -CN, α S2 -CN, κ-CN, and β-CN, and 3 whey protein fractions, namely β-lactoglobulin, α-lactalbumin, and lactoferrin, which were expressed both quantitatively (g/L) and qualitatively (as a percentage of the total milk nitrogen content, %N). A linear mixed model was fitted to explore the associations between somatic cell score (SCS) combined with DSCC and the protein fractions expressed quantitatively and qualitatively. We ran an additional model that included DSCC expressed as PMN-LYM and MAC counts, obtained by multiplying the percentages of PMN-LYM and MAC by SCC for each cow in the data set. When the protein fractions were expressed as grams per liter, SCS was significantly negatively associated with almost all the casein fractions and positively associated with the whey protein α-lactalbumin, while DSCC was significantly associated with α S1 -CN, β-CN, and α-lactalbumin, but in the opposite direction to SCS. We observed the same pattern with the qualitative data (i.e., %N), confirming opposite effects of SCS and DSCC on milk protein fractions. The PMN-LYM count was only slightly associated with the traits of concern, although the pattern observed was the same as when both SCS and DSCC were included in the model. The MAC count, however, generally had a greater impact on many casein fractions, in particular decreasing both β-CN content (g/L) and proportion (%N), and exhibited the opposite pattern to the PMN-LYM count. Our results show that information obtained from both SCS and DSCC may be useful in assessing milk quality and protein fractions. They also demonstrate the potential of MAC count as a novel udder health trait.

Subclinical Mastitis from Streptococcus agalactiae and Prototheca spp. Induces Changes in Milk Peptidome in Holstein Cattle

“…27,48 In particular, Thomas et al 48 showed that, following artificial S. uberis infection, the proteome and peptidome of milk still change even when the infection is resolved, supporting the hypothesis that degradation is related more to the immune response than to the etiological agent. Some authors also found a considerable increase in acute phase proteins 48 after occurrence of mastitis, in addition to the decrease in caseins 34,54,55 and the increase in blood serum proteins. 56 In our study, we did not find any significant peptide derived by proteins such as α-lactalbumin, secretory IgA, or lactoferrin, in line with other studies.…”

“…Some authors also found a considerable increase in acute phase proteins 48 after occurrence of mastitis, in addition to the decrease in caseins 34 , 54 , 55 and the increase in blood serum proteins. 56 In our study, we did not find any significant peptide derived by proteins such as α-lactalbumin, secretory IgA, or lactoferrin, in line with other studies.…”

Efficiency of probiotic culture consortium application for disinfection of dairy farm premises and prevention of mastitis in cows

“…In healthy cows, the physiological norm of somatic cell content is between 100 and 170 thousand/cm 3 . Often, this number depends on the individual characteristics of the animal [ 42 , 43 ]. Additionally, we analyzed the results with a somatic cell count of more than 1,000 thousand cells/ml, which is evidence of the development of the inflammatory process in one or several quarters of the mammary glands.…”

Assessment of Mastitis Patterns in Serbian Dairy Cows: Blood Serum Metabolic Profile and Milk Composition Parameters

“…Matei et al [62] reported a significantly higher concentration of total protein in milk from cows affected by mastitis compared to healthy ones. Thus, this increase in the concentration of total proteins in the milk of cows affected by mastitis could be a consequence of the high permeability of blood vessels and the release of serum proteins from the blood into the milk, as well as the migration of leukocytes [63]. However, Qayyum et al [51] found a lower concentration of total protein in milk from cows with mastitis compared to healthy ones.…”