Impact of swelling clays on the spalling decay of building limestones: insights from X-ray diffraction profile modeling

Berthonneau, Jérémie; Grauby, Olivier; Ferrage, Eric; Vallet, Jean‐Marc; Bromblet, Philippe; Dessandier, David; Chaudanson, Damien; Baronnet, Alain

doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2014/0026-2393

Cited by 19 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Details on the elemental quantification and structural formula calculation from TEM microanalysis can be found in [13]. XRD patterns were collected on oriented preparations saturated with calcium (Ca) at 0.01426 • 2Â step intervals from 2.5 to 60 • 2Â, using a 4 seconds counting time per step.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The medieval buildings erected with these types of limestones show a contrasting sensitivity to spalling decay [13]. CARO-G is highly sensitive; CARO-Y and CRIL show a moderate sensitivity as only few and thin plates are observed; and ESTA appears free from any spalling decay.…”

Section: Origin Of Samples and Sensitivity To Spalling Decaymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Crillon stone is increasingly used as replacement stone in buildings erected with the Caromb stone. Two samples (CRIL I and CRIL II, this last sample being also studied in [13]) were taken from one of the active quarries located in the village of Crillon-Le-Brave, a few kilometers from Caromb. Finally, the reference sample from Estaillades stone (ESTA) was taken from an active quarry near the village of Oppèdes in the same geographical area.…”

Section: Origin Of Samples and Sensitivity To Spalling Decaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The considered samples from Caromb stone were taken from deposits of ancient building stones (CARO-G I and CARO-Y I) and from abandoned quarries formerly used to supply the building sites (CARO-G II and CARO-Y II, also studied in [13]). Crillon stone is increasingly used as replacement stone in buildings erected with the Caromb stone.…”

Section: Origin Of Samples and Sensitivity To Spalling Decaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The severe spalling decay affecting historical building in the South East of France motivated a research work on the Miocene bioclastic limestones [13]. A new methodology was applied to identify the composition of clay minerals and to quantify accurately each of them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The spalling decay of building bioclastic limestones of Provence (South East of France): From clay minerals swelling to hydric dilation

Berthonneau

Bromblet²,

Cherblanc

et al. 2016

Journal of Cultural Heritage

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International audienceMedieval historical monuments of the Provence region (South East of France) were erected with bioclastic limestones and display different sensitivities to spalling decay. The present study aims at understanding the physical processes at play as well as the internal properties governing its intensity. Limestones of contrasting sensitivity to spalling were compared to a reference type, unaffected by this decay, by means of petrography, petrophysic, mineralogy, and hydromechanics. The obtained results highlighted that the various sensitivities can be explained by the deformation recorded during water content variation (hydric dilation). A clay fraction was systematically detected within the mineralogical composition except for the reference material, and some swelling layers were identified in ontmorillonite/glauconite mixed layer minerals. A specific quantification procedure based on the combination of transmission electron microscopy coupled to an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (TEM–EDX) and profile modeling of X-ray diffraction patterns was applied. A strong relationship between swelling layer content and hydric dilation of limestones was evidenced and corroborated the spalling sensitivity. Further interpretation of results showed that swelling layers localization within the texture significantly influence hydric dilation kinetics. Eventually, a mechanical softening was measured after water saturation. This behavior seems unrelated to the clay mineral content and its relative influence on spalling should be examined

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Origin Of Samples and Sensitivity To Spalling Decaymentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Origin Of Samples and Sensitivity To Spalling Decaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Origin Of Samples and Sensitivity To Spalling Decaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The spalling decay of building bioclastic limestones of Provence (South East of France): From clay minerals swelling to hydric dilation

Berthonneau

Bromblet²,

Cherblanc

et al. 2016

Journal of Cultural Heritage

Self Cite

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Influence of cyclic wetting‐drying on the mechanical strength characteristics of coal samples: A laboratory‐scale study

Chen

Jiang

Wang³

et al. 2019

Energy Science & Engineering

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Water‐coal interactions have gained much recent attention, although few studies focus on the strength of coal under wetting‐drying cycles. This study investigates changes in the microstructure and mechanical strength of coal that are induced by water‐coal interactions, at the macroscale and microscale. Fourteen specimens after continuous wetting and fourteen specimens after wetting‐drying cycles were tested, indicating that peak stress and elastic modulus decrease with increasing continuous wetting time and number of wetting‐drying cycles, while peak strain increases. We analyzed changes in the coal microstructure using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the Image Pro Plus 6.0 (IPP 6.0) software. The regression model for cyclic wetting‐drying reveals that porosity and pore circularity are the main correlation indicators associated with uniaxial compressive strength. Therefore, different numbers of wetting‐drying cycles could induce different degrees of damage to coal, which increases progressively through gradual changes to its microstructure. These findings indicate that wetting‐drying cycles have a more significant impact on the stability of coal mass than continuous wetting. Our results are of use in determining the size of coal pillars, and expanding the knowledge base related to the mechanical properties of coal mass, water bursting, water recharge channels, and the stress‐crack‐permeability evolution law in mines.

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Influence of Water Content on the Mechanical Behaviour of Limestone: Role of the Clay Minerals Content

Cherblanc

Berthonneau²,

Bromblet³

et al. 2016

Rock Mech Rock Eng

110

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International audienceThe mechanical characteristics of various sedimentary stones significantly depend on the water content, where 70% loss of their mechanical strengths can be observed when saturated by water. Furthermore, the clay fraction has been shown to be a key factor of their hydro-mechanical behaviour since it governs for instance the hydric dilation. This work aims at investigating the correlations between the clay minerals content and the mechanical weakening experienced by limestones when interacting with water. The experimental characterization focuses on five different limestones that exhibit very different micro-structures. For each of them, we present the determination of clay minerals composition , the sorption isotherm curve and the dependences of tensile and compressive strengths on the water content. It emerges from these results that, first, the sorption behaviour is mainly governed by the amount of smectite layers which exhibit the larger specific area and, second, the rate of mechanical strength loss depends linearly on the sorption capacity. Indeed, the clay fraction plays the role of a retardation factor that delays the appearance of capillary bridges as well as the mechanical weakening of stones. However, no correlation was evidenced between the clay content and the amplitude of weakening. Since the mechanisms whereby the strength decreases with water content are not clearly established, these results would help to discriminate between various hypothesis proposed in the literature

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Impact of swelling clays on the spalling decay of building limestones: insights from X-ray diffraction profile modeling

Cited by 19 publications

References 38 publications

The spalling decay of building bioclastic limestones of Provence (South East of France): From clay minerals swelling to hydric dilation

The spalling decay of building bioclastic limestones of Provence (South East of France): From clay minerals swelling to hydric dilation

Influence of cyclic wetting‐drying on the mechanical strength characteristics of coal samples: A laboratory‐scale study

Influence of Water Content on the Mechanical Behaviour of Limestone: Role of the Clay Minerals Content

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