Impact of Tb4+ and morphology on the thermal evolution of Tb-doped TiO2 nanostructured hollow spheres and nanoparticles

Monitoring the Simultaneous Implantation of Ti and Tb Cations to a Sacrificial Template and the Sol-Gel Synthesis of Tb-Doped TiO2 (Anatase) Hollow Spheres and Their Transition to Rutile Phase

“…By the analysis of high-resolution spectra it is seen that two chemical states of terbium, Tb 3+ and Tb 4+ , are present [ 30 , 31 , 32 ]. Tb 3d 5/2 spectra have been fitted with four components, i.e., an emission peak and one satellite signal for each oxidation state [ 7 , 33 ]. The fitting and the involved curves of the samples 3.00%_550, 1.70%_800 and 1.70%_1000 are shown in Figure 9 .…”

“…In particular, TiO 2 HSs attract great interest due to their low density, higher surface area, better separation of electrons and holes, surface permeability, etc. For those reasons, the synthesis of RE-doped TiO 2 materials as HSs with improved photoluminescent and/or photocatalytic properties is in focus [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. From a simple point of view, hollow micro-nanospheres can be easily fabricated through digging void space inside solid spheres.…”

“…Hollow particles can be obtained by subsequent removal of the template by calcination in air. This type of synthesis has been used in previous works to obtain HSs of different compositions (e.g., Al 2 O 3 [ 10 ], TiO 2 [ 11 ] and In 2 O 3 [ 12 ]) and also for the synthesis of RE-doped anatase and rutile HSs such as Er-doped TiO 2 [ 5 ] and Tb-doped TiO 2 HSs [ 7 ]. In this study, a simultaneous chemical implantation of the two cations has been established with the aim of developing and optimizing the synthesis of the Tb-doped anatase HSs.…”

“…In this study, a simultaneous chemical implantation of the two cations has been established with the aim of developing and optimizing the synthesis of the Tb-doped anatase HSs. In previous works where two cations are needed Ti 4+ , the major cation is first implanted to the sacrificial template and the RE cation is added to the suspension obtained after implantation of the major cation [ 5 , 7 ]. In this research, we have used for the first time to the best of our knowledge a simultaneous chemical implantation of both cations not only the major one.…”

Glucose oxidase-encapsulated liposomes for amplified autofluorescence-free immunoassay of a prostate-specific antigen with photoluminescence of CePO4:Tb nanocrystals

“…45 Besides, the characteristic peak of Tb 3d 3/2 and the satellite peak appeared at 1276.9 eV and 1250.1 eV, respectively. A double peak located at 1240.2 eV and 1242.9 eV was assigned to Tb 3+ 3d 5/2 and Tb 4+ 3d 5/2 , respectively, 46–48 which means that the Tb incorporated into the material existed as either Tb 3+ or Tb 4+ (Fig. 2D).…”