Impact of the Advances in Age on the Gastrointestinal Microflora of Beagle Dogs.

Benno, Yoshimi; Nakao, Hiroyuki; Uchida, Kiyohisa; Mitsuoka, Tomotari

doi:10.1292/jvms.54.703

Cited by 103 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Elderly people had reduced levels of bifidobacteria (Table 2), which has been reported in earlier studies (2,13,22,40,41). Other studies have indicated that microbiotas in healthy young adults contain on average three to four different bifidobacterial species (35), which was also found here.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Early studies of the elderly indicated the presence of increased levels of enterobacteria and fungi together with reduced levels of anaerobic lactobacilli (15). Further investigations, in Japan (39,40,41), suggested that there were decreased levels of bifidobacteria and increased levels of clostridia, lactobacilli, streptococci, and enterobacteria in older people, changes which also occur in the intestinal microbiota in aging dogs (2). Recent bacteriological studies and 16S rRNA abundance measurements have confirmed these changes in anaerobe populations and the increase in enterobacteria in older people (22).…”

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confidence: 96%

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Comparison of Compositions and Metabolic Activities of Fecal Microbiotas in Young Adults and in Antibiotic-Treated and Non-Antibiotic-Treated Elderly Subjects

Woodmansey

McMurdo

Macfarlane

et al. 2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

370

278

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The colonic microbiota mediates many cellular and molecular events in the host that are important to health. These processes can be affected in the elderly, because in some individuals, the composition and metabolic activities of the microbiota change with age. Detailed characterizations of the major groups of fecal bacteria in healthy young adults, in healthy elderly people, and in hospitalized elderly patients receiving antibiotics were made in this study, together with measurements of their metabolic activities, by analysis of fecal organic acid and ammonia concentrations. The results showed that total anaerobe numbers remained relatively constant in old people; however, individual bacterial genera changed markedly with age. Reductions in numbers of bacteroides and bifidobacteria in both elderly groups were accompanied by reduced species diversity. Bifidobacterial populations in particular showed marked variations in the dominant species, with Bifidobacterium angulatum and Bifidobacterium adolescentis being frequently isolated from the elderly and Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium boum, and Bifidobacterium infantis being detected only from the healthy young volunteers. Reductions in amylolytic activities of bacterial isolates in healthy elderly subjects and reduced short-chain fatty acid concentrations supported these findings, since bifidobacteria and bacteroides are important saccharolytic groups in the colon. Conversely, higher numbers of proteolytic bacteria were observed with feces samples from the antibiotic-treated elderly group, which were also associated with increased proteolytic species diversity (fusobacteria, clostridia, and propionibacteria). Other differences in the intestinal ecosystem in elderly subjects were observed, with alterations in the dominant clostridial species in combination with greater numbers of facultative anaerobes.Bacterial succession in the infant large bowel has been well documented both by culture (6, 52) and, more recently, by using molecular methods (10,16,54), but there have been relatively few studies dealing with changes in the colonic microbiota during the aging process. We therefore know little about the composition of bacterial populations or their metabolic activities in elderly people. Advances in medical science and improved living standards have led to an increased life expectancy in western societies, where people over 60 currently constitute one-fifth of the population, and this number is estimated to rise to one-third by the year 2030 (36).Good nutrition is important in maintaining gastrointestinal function. Malnutrition is one of the main factors responsible for reduced immune responses in old people (28), and the development of preventative nutritional strategies to promote healthy aging is desirable. Increased thresholds for taste and smell (8, 55), resulting in preferences for bland foods, coupled with swallowing difficulties (5) and masticatory dysfunction caused by loss of teeth and muscle bulk (25, 43) can result in ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Comparison of Compositions and Metabolic Activities of Fecal Microbiotas in Young Adults and in Antibiotic-Treated and Non-Antibiotic-Treated Elderly Subjects

Woodmansey

McMurdo

Macfarlane

et al. 2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

370

278

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“…Swanson et al (2004) noted that intestinal microbiota changes as the animal ages, which may influence diet digestilibility, and consequently feces characteristics. However, Benno et al (1992) comparing the microbiota of the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, or ileum of dogs younger than one year of age and older than eleven, did not find any difference, except for a lower concentration of Clostridium perfringens in the GIT of puppies as compared to elderly dogs. Although in the present experiment no differences were detected in most of the analyzed digestibility parameters, the shorter intestinal transit time associated to a possibly developing intestinal microbiota may explain the different fecal characteristics of puppies, which presented higher moisture and ammonia contents, making their stools softer and with a stronger odor as compared to adult dogs.…”

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confidence: 84%

Digestibility of dry extruded food in adult dogs and puppies

Zanatta

Félix

Brito

et al. 2011

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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“…These changes involve a decrease in the number and diversity of bifidobacteria and bacteroides and an increase in the number of enterobacteria, clostridia, streptococci, and enterococci in elderly humans (17,20,51) and in older animals (5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect on Components of the Intestinal Microflora and Plasma Neuropeptide Levels of Feeding Lactobacillus delbrueckii , Bifidobacterium lactis , and Inulin to Adult and Elderly Rats

Leśniewska

Rowland

Cani

et al. 2006

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The aim of this study was to compare the effects of the mixture of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. rhamnosus strain GG, Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12, and inulin on intestinal populations of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, and enterobacteria in adult and elderly rats fed the same (in quality and quantity) diet. The portal plasma levels of two neuropeptides, neuropeptide Y (NPY) and peptide YY (PYY), were also evaluated to assess the physiological consequences of the synbiotic treatment for the gastrointestinal (GI) tracts of rats of different ages. Adult (n ‫؍‬ 24) and elderly (n ‫؍‬ 24) male rats were fed the AIN-93 M maintenance diet. After 2 weeks of adaptation, the diet of 12 rats of each age group was supplemented with 8% inulin and with strains GG and Bb12 to provide 2.2 ؋ 10 9 CFU of each strain g ؊1 of the diet. Blood and different regions of the GI tract were sampled from all rats after 21 days of the treatment. Treatment with the mixture of strain GG, strain BB12, and inulin induced significantly different changes in the numbers of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, and enterobacteria of the stomach, small intestine, cecum, and colon microflora. Moreover, the GG, BB12, and inulin mixture increased the concentrations of NPY and PYY for adult rats. For the elderly animals, the PYY concentration was not changed, while the NPY concentration was decreased by treatment with the GG, BB12, and inulin mixture. The results of the present study indicate that the physiological status of the GI tract, and not just diet, has a major role in the regulation of important groups of the GI bacteria community, since even the outcome of the dietary modification with synbiotics depends on the ages of the animals.The composition of the gastrointestinal (GI) microflora changes with increasing age of the host (34). These changes involve a decrease in the number and diversity of bifidobacteria and bacteroides and an increase in the number of enterobacteria, clostridia, streptococci, and enterococci in elderly humans (17,20,51) and in older animals (5).The age-related changes in the GI bacterial community in elderly humans are likely related to changes in nutritional habits, since it is well recognized that diet/dietary components codetermine the spectrum of intestinal microflora (2,18,28,33,37). In particular, aging is associated with the decrease in daily fiber intake (27) related to the prolongation of mastication (42), the decline in olfactorial and gustatorial sensitivity (24), and a decrease in cognition (36). However, aging is also associated with alterations of GI physiology and function, such as gastric hypochlorhydria, alterations in intestinal motility, and decreased colonic transit time (23,31,44). Changes in GI tract physiology during the aging process may allow specific bacterial populations to take advantage of novel ecological niches, thereby altering the composition of the GI microbiota, in turn affecting intestinal homeostasis and function (22,28).Pro-and prebiotics and their combination (synbiotics) have been shown to...

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Impact of the Advances in Age on the Gastrointestinal Microflora of Beagle Dogs.

Cited by 103 publications

References 9 publications

Comparison of Compositions and Metabolic Activities of Fecal Microbiotas in Young Adults and in Antibiotic-Treated and Non-Antibiotic-Treated Elderly Subjects

Comparison of Compositions and Metabolic Activities of Fecal Microbiotas in Young Adults and in Antibiotic-Treated and Non-Antibiotic-Treated Elderly Subjects

Digestibility of dry extruded food in adult dogs and puppies

Effect on Components of the Intestinal Microflora and Plasma Neuropeptide Levels of Feeding Lactobacillus delbrueckii , Bifidobacterium lactis , and Inulin to Adult and Elderly Rats

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