Impact of the DC circuit breaker design on selective fault detection and clearing methods in multi-terminal HVDC systems

Tünnerhoff, Philipp Christian; Brantl, Christina; Ergin, Dominik; Schettler, F.; Schön, André; Döring, David

doi:10.1049/cp.2019.0076

Cited by 7 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…In the case of a DC fault, the DC voltage drop leads to a submodule capacitor discharge, a rise of the arm currents and ultimately an uncontrolled behavior of half-bridge MMCs. Hence, following a DC fault, half-bridge MMCs are typically blocked because of overcurrent [42]- [45]. For additional converter-internal protection, an arm undervoltage criterion can also be used indicating the uncontrolled MMC state.…”

Section: ) Dc-side Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Architecture for a Multi-Vendor VSC-HVDC Station With Partially Open Control and Protection

et al. 2022

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High voltage direct current (HVDC) grids are envisioned for large-scale grid integration of renewable energy sources. Upon realization, components from multiple vendors have to be coordinated and interoperability problems can occur. To address these problems, a multi-vendor HVDC system can benefit from a partially open control and protection system. Unwanted interactions can be investigated and solved more easily in partially open software compared to when applying black-boxed and vendorspecific software. Although a partially open approach offers these advantages, practical aspects, such as the implementation in a real station architecture, have to be addressed carefully. This paper covers this important topic, first by reviewing the required control and protection functions and second by discussing the choice for certain open and closed software parts, their implementation in physical units as well as the required communication and interfaces. The result from this discussion is a first proposal of a station architecture for a multi-vendor HVDC system using partially open control and protection. This architecture will be a helpful starting point to industry and academia working with research and harmonization on this topic as ad-hoc solutions in terms of practical aspects can be avoided.

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Section: ) Dc-side Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Architecture for a Multi-Vendor VSC-HVDC Station With Partially Open Control and Protection

et al. 2022

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“…With this approach, the factors affecting fault interruption of DC CBs analyzed in detail. In [64], a detailed overview of hybrid DC CBs is provided to evaluate the performance of different technical designs. In [65], a sequential tripping method is employed to improve the interruption performance of hybrid DC CB by sending command to main breaker in a proper sequence.…”

Section: ) Employment Of DC Cbsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MMC Based MTDC Grids: A Detailed Review on Issues and Challenges for Operation, Control and Protection Schemes

2020

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For decades high voltage alternating current (HVAC) was considered as most economical solution to transmit and deliver electric power. With the recent developments in power electronic devices, high voltage direct current (HVDC) system becomes most prominent technology. Multi-terminal direct current (MTDC) based system as a promising technology for future power system is the major focus area for researchers and industries these days. A number of MTDC systems have been implemented physically. The major motivation to construct such MTDC systems is the integration of large-scale offshore power sources such as wind turbines and solar systems. This paper discusses the most critical challenges and issues related to operation, control and protection schemes for integration of modular multi-level converter (MMC) based MTDC systems. At first detailed literature survey has been presented to show the challenges for MMC based MTDC systems, then an analysis related to those challenges for operation, control and protection schemes for existing MMC based MTDC systems has been provided. Finally, a road map to tackle such challenges has been suggested.

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“…A DC reactor of 10 mH (per pole) was inserted in Fig. 3 since every paper regarding DC breakers emphasises that a DC reactor is necessary to protect the hybrid DCCB against excessive DC fault currents during the mechanical delay time of the main branch [12–16, 26].…”

Section: Influence Of the DC Reactor On Hb‐type Convertersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Up to now all papers regarding DC breaker were focused on the behaviour of the fault clearing itself. Some exceptions to this point of view can be found in [25–29]. In these references, the DC behaviour of the MMC and the blocking of the converter are introduced as well.…”

Section: Fault Clearing By DC Breakersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In difference to HB‐type converters, converters using FB modules are able to handle the DC fault clearing on their own and do not require additional large breaking devices [26, 33 and 34]. Due to the underlying topology of its FB modules, the FB‐type converter can be freely controlled such that the DC voltage at its HVDC terminals is reduced in response to a DC fault.…”

Section: Comparison With Fb Convertersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interactions between a half‐bridge MMC and a hybrid DC breaker during fault current interruption compared to a full‐bridge MMC

Döring

Würflinger

Staudt

et al. 2020

IET power electron.

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The large‐scale integration of remote renewable energy resources into existing AC grids is one of the main drivers for the construction of multi‐terminal direct current (MTDC) systems. Today, a few MTDC systems are already in execution stage or even in operation. However, with a growing number of extended MTDC systems, the probability of high‐voltage DC (HVDC) insulation faults is likely to increase and therefore, reliable solutions for handling of such disturbances are crucial in order to maintain high availability. Since most HVDC converters are realised by modular multilevel converters (MMC) converters are based on half‐bridge (HB) modules, they lack an inherent capability to control DC fault currents. Therefore, additional equipment like HVDC breakers needs to be installed as well. Among the various breaker types, the so‐called ‘hybrid’ DC circuit breaker (DCCB) is considered most popular. This contribution provides a more holistic view on the overall system behaviour, represented AC grid, MMC HVDC converter, DC reactor and DCCB altogether. It discusses the physical interactions of these main components in MTDC systems. In particular, the influence of the electrical parameters of the hybrid DCCB and its required DC reactors on the MMC converter's internal current and voltage conditions is outlined.

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Impact of the DC circuit breaker design on selective fault detection and clearing methods in multi-terminal HVDC systems

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

An Architecture for a Multi-Vendor VSC-HVDC Station With Partially Open Control and Protection

An Architecture for a Multi-Vendor VSC-HVDC Station With Partially Open Control and Protection

MMC Based MTDC Grids: A Detailed Review on Issues and Challenges for Operation, Control and Protection Schemes

Interactions between a half‐bridge MMC and a hybrid DC breaker during fault current interruption compared to a full‐bridge MMC

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