Impact of the hydraulic loading rate on pollutants removal in tropical horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands

Weerakoon, G.M.P.R.; Jinadasa, K.B.S.N.; Herath, Gemunu; Mowjood, M. I. M.; Bruggen, J.J.A. van

doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.09.016

Cited by 62 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…These results indicate that a 20 cm/day HLR would be the appropriate upper limit for the applied HLR for pollutant removal, with the HSSF configuration being more suitable for BOD 5 , TSS, FC, and NO 3 − -N removal. These results were consistent with laboratory-scale studies reported earlier by Weerakoon et al [7] and Weerakoon et al [21]. Table 3 presents the range of applied mass loading rates (MLRs) and mass removal rates (MRRs) obtained for the VSSF and HSSF wetland units for polishing stream water, and Table 4 …”

Section: Pollutant Removalsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…However, wastewater treatment is far from satisfactory in developing countries [5,6], especially in semiurban and rural areas, due to constrained economic conditions and the lack of information. Therefore, some contamination of waterbodies can be expected, and hence development of appropriate and affordable water and wastewater treatment technologies is necessary in these contexts [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Applicability of Constructed Wetlands for Water Quality Improvement in a Tea Estate Catchment: The Pussellawa Case Study

Weerakoon

Jinadasa

Herath

et al. 2018

Water

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Abstract:Water in agricultural catchments is prone to pollution from agricultural runoff containing nutrients and pesticides, and contamination from the human population working and residing therein. This study examined the quality of water in a drainage stream which runs through a congested network of 'line houses' (low-income housing, typically found arranged in straight 'lines' on estates) in the tea estate catchment area of Pussellawa in central Sri Lanka. The study evaluated the applicability of vertical subsurface flow (VSSF) and horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) constructed wetlands for water polishing, as the residents use the stream water for various domestic purposes with no treatment other than possibly boiling. Water flow in the stream can vary significantly over time, and so investigations were conducted at various flow conditions to identify the hydraulic loading rate (HLR) bandwidth for wetland polishing applications. Two wetland models of 8 m × 1 m × 0.6 m (length × width × depth) were constructed and arranged as VSSF and HSSF units. Stream water was diverted to these units at HLRs of 3.3, 4, 5, 10, 20, and 40 cm/day. Results showed that both VSSF and HSSF wetland units were capable of substantially reducing five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD 5 ), total suspended solids (TSS), fecal coliform (FC), total coliform (TC), ammonia nitrogen (NH 4 + -N), and nitrate nitrogen (NO 3 − -N) up to 20 cm/day HLR, with removal efficiencies of more than 64%, 60%, 90%, 93%, 70%, and 59% for BOD 5 , TSS, FC, TC, NH 4 + -N, and NO 3 − -N, respectively, in the VSSF wetland unit; and more than 66%, 62%, 91%, 90%, 53%, and 77% for BOD 5 , TSS, FC, TC, NH 4 + -N, and NO 3 − -N, respectively, in the HSSF wetland unit.

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Section: Pollutant Removalsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applicability of Constructed Wetlands for Water Quality Improvement in a Tea Estate Catchment: The Pussellawa Case Study

Weerakoon

Jinadasa

Herath

et al. 2018

Water

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“…HSSF-CWs often exhibit inconsistent and highly variable nitrogen removal efficiency and has been reported in long term studies ranging from 20% to 70% [9,13]. Regarding P removal, values ranging from 30% to 60% have been reported, depending on factors such as the wastewater P loading rate, the type of media used and the hydraulic loading rate [11,14]. In fact, HSSF-CWs phosphorus removal must be limited because the materials used in substrate (usually gravel) are poor in iron and aluminum hydrous oxides minerals as well as in calcium and magnesium concentrations, elements essentials for adsorption and precipitation of insoluble forms in wetlands, the most important mechanisms for removal P in those systems [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness and Temporal Variation of a Full-Scale Horizontal Constructed Wetland in Reducing Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Domestic Wastewater

et al. 2018

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Abstract:Cultural eutrophication stimulated by anthropogenic-derived nutrients represents one of most widespread water quality problems worldwide. Constructed wetlands (CWs) have emerged as an aesthetic, sustainable form of wastewater treatment, but, although they have shown adequate levels of organic matter removal in wastewaters, the effectiveness of nutrient removal has been less successful. An eleven-month monitoring program was undertaken in a horizontal subsurface flow CW (HSSF-CW) treating domestic wastewater from a village in Centre Region of Portugal, to evaluate the influence of climatic conditions (Continental-Mediterranean Climate region) and seasonal variations on removal. This CW uses gravel and sand as substrate and Phragmites australis as wetland plants. Samples were collected at the inlet and outlet from wetland bed and analyzed for pH, TN, Org-N, NH 4 + -N, NO x -N, TP and DP. The removal efficiencies (RE) of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds were relatively poor, but the results allow us to conclude that season had a significant (p < 0.05) effect on the RE of TN, NH 4 + -N, NO x -N, TP and DP, with higher values in warmest period (10.4%, 10.4%, 3.4%, 27.5% and 26.1%, respectively) than in coldest period (0%, −7.7%, −9.8%, 12.9% and 0%, respectively). Although lower hydraulic loading rate (HLR) generally resulted in better RE of all N and P compounds analyzed, no significant linear relationship was observed between these two variables. TN and NH 4 + -N concentrations in the effluent tend to significantly (p < 0.05) decrease with increasing respective incoming mass load rates for whole monitoring period and during spring-summer period, while the correlation between outlet TP concentrations and the inlet loading rate are not significant. The results indicate that the system is not effective for removal of nutrients, probably because it operated on overload and with a low hydraulic retention time (HRT) (average = 2.4 days). The results also showed that the RE of N and P followed seasonal trends, with higher values during spring-summer period.

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“…Previous studies demonstrated that CWs are capable of removing a majority of environmental pollutants including nitrogen, phosphorous, chemical oxygen demand (COD) (Lin et al, 2002a;Hu et al, 2012;Li et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2013), and emerging contaminants such as antibiotics (Hijosa-Valsero et al, 2011;Berglund et al, 2014;Chen et al, 2015) and ARGs Chen et al, 2015). Their performance depends on the design parameters such as plant species, flow types, substrates, hydraulic loading rates, hydraulic retention time and applied pollutants loadings (Hijosa-Valsero et al, 2010;Hijosa-Valsero et al, 2011;Saeed and Sun, 2012;Weerakoon et al, 2013;Wu et al, 2014;Wu et al, 2015). The removal of pollutants may involve substrate adsorption, plant uptake, photolysis, volatilization and biodegradation Arroyo et al, 2013;Chen et al, 2014;Li et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes from domestic sewage by constructed wetlands: Effect of flow configuration and plant species

Chen

Ying

Wei

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

179

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Impact of the hydraulic loading rate on pollutants removal in tropical horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands

Cited by 62 publications

References 12 publications

Applicability of Constructed Wetlands for Water Quality Improvement in a Tea Estate Catchment: The Pussellawa Case Study

Applicability of Constructed Wetlands for Water Quality Improvement in a Tea Estate Catchment: The Pussellawa Case Study

Effectiveness and Temporal Variation of a Full-Scale Horizontal Constructed Wetland in Reducing Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Domestic Wastewater

Removal of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes from domestic sewage by constructed wetlands: Effect of flow configuration and plant species

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