“…Sediments within sanitation wetland/pond systems and receiving water sediments may be "hot-spots" for AMR development (Cummings et al, 2011), due to increased microbial activity and influx of wastewater-borne ARGs compared to free-waters above. Nonetheless, constructed wetlands have been shown to effectively reduce ARGs (log 10 reductions of 0.26-3.3) and antimicrobials Chen et al, 2016) and thus could provide a net protective effect prior to effluent reuse applications in agriculture. (sul1, sul2, sul3, tetA, tetB, tetC, tetE, tetH, tetM, tetO, tetW, qnrS, qnrB, qepA) 8 (sul1, sul2, sul3, tetA, tetB, tetC, tetE, tetH, tetM, tetO, tetW, qnrS, qnrB, qepA) While conventional WWTPs do not appear to reduce the (normalized) integron copy number, they do reduce the diversity of gene cassette arrays measured in the raw wastewater (Stalder et al, 2014), the plasmid resistome (Szczepanowski et al, 2009), and ARGs generally by some 33-98% (Tao et al, 2014).…”