Impact of the level of adherence to the Mediterranean Diet on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Bakaloudi, Dimitra Rafailia; Chrysoula, Lydia; Leonida, Ioannis; Kotzakioulafi, Evangelia; Theodoridis, Xenophon; Chourdakis, M.

doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2021.10.002

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Interestingly, the Mediterranean diet, which is known to reduce the rate of cardiovascular events and mortality, showed only little effect on the control of BP. However, it is possible that a longer duration of the study and greater systolic BP at baseline may reveal an increased decline in BP due to a Mediterranean style diet [ 28 , 29 ]. It is also likely that taking more antihypertensive Indo-Mediterranean flavonoid-rich foods, such as guava, blackberries, millets, herbs and spices, in particular, cinnamon, turmeric, fenugreek and oregano, may cause lower BPs because these foods can decrease BPs readings within 24 h [ 25 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 86 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The quality of evidence was rated as moderate for both outcomes according to the grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) approach. Another meta-analysis, including 54 observational studies, found that systolic BP was reduced in the subgroup with greater adherence to the Mediterranean style diet group: −0.08, whereas no differences were found in the diastolic BP between the high and low adherence to Mediterranean diet groups: systolic: −0.07, 0.00 [ 28 ]. The mean diastolic BP of all the studies included for various adherence groups was within desirable limits (<90 mmHg).…”

Section: Effects Of Mediterranean Type Of Diet On Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension via Indo-Mediterranean Foods, May Be Superior to DASH Diet Intervention

Singh¹,

Nabavizadeh

Fedačko

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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Western-type diet with high salt and sugar, sedentary behavior, obesity, tobacco and alcoholism are important risk factors for hypertension. This review aims to highlight the role of western diet-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in the pathogenesis of hypertension and the role of various types of diets in its prevention with reference to dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet. It seems that it is crucial to alter the western type of diet because such diets can also predispose all CVDs. Western diet-induced oxidative stress is characterized by excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with an altered oxidation-reduction (redox) state, leading to a marked increase in inflammation and vascular dysfunction. Apart from genetic and environmental factors, one important cause for differences in the prevalence of hypertension in various countries may be diet quality, deficiency in functional foods, and salt consumption. The role of the DASH diet has been established. However, there are gaps in knowledge about the role of some Indo-Mediterranean foods and Japanese foods, which have been found to decrease blood pressure (BP) by improving vascular function. The notable Indo-Mediterranean foods are pulses, porridge, spices, and millets; fruits such as guava and blackberry and vegetables, which may also decrease BPs. The Japanese diet consists of soya tofu, whole rice, in particular medical rice, vegetables and plenty of fish rich in fish oil, fish peptides and taurine that are known to decrease BPs. Epidemiological studies and randomized, controlled trials have demonstrated the role of these diets in the prevention of hypertension and metabolic diseases. Such evidence is still meager from Japan, although the prevalence of hypertension is lower (15–21%) compared to other developed countries, which may be due to the high quality of the Japanese diet. Interestingly, some foods, such as berries, guava, pumpkin seeds, carrots, soya beans, and spices, have been found to cause a decrease in BPs. Omega-3 fatty acids, fish peptide, taurine, dietary vitamin D, vitamin C, potassium, magnesium, flavonoids, nitrate and l-arginine are potential nutrients that can also decrease BPs. Larger cohort studies and controlled trials are necessary to confirm our views.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Mediterranean Type Of Diet On Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension via Indo-Mediterranean Foods, May Be Superior to DASH Diet Intervention

Singh¹,

Nabavizadeh

Fedačko

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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“…However, due to the small number of studies included in the meta-analysis and their large heterogeneity, the authors did not have sufficient evidence to support the blood-pressure-lowering effects of the Mediterranean diet [Nissensohn et al, 2016]. As many as three meta-analyses (evaluating the association between the Mediterranean diet and blood pressure) were published in 2021 [Bakaloudi et al, 2021;Cowell et al, 2021;Filippou et al, 2021]. One of these analyses, involving 19 randomized controlled trials (4,137 participants), showed that Mediterranean diet interventions reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure by an average of 1.4 mmHg and 1.5 mmHg, respectively, compared with the control group [Cowell et al, 2021].…”

Section: Mediterranean Diet and Blood Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another meta-analysis of 54 observational studies noted that compared with the low adherence to the Mediterranean diet, greater adherence lowered systolic blood pressure (SMD=-0.08; -0.15 to -0.02) but did not significantly affect diastolic blood pressure (SMD=-0.07; -0.13 to 0.00) [Bakaloudi et al, 2021]. These findings may be related to normal levels (<90 mmHg) of mean diastolic pressure in all study participants.…”

Section: Mediterranean Diet and Blood Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

Health Benefits of Vegetarian and Mediterranean Diets: Narrative Review

Pieczyńska¹,

Rzymski²

2022

Pol. J. Food Nutr. Sci.

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Typical protein intake 70 g/day (lacto-ovo-vegetarians) 64 g/day (vegans) [Mariotti & Gardner, 2019] 70 g/day [Tosti et al., 2018] Main carbohydrates sources Cereals, fruits, vegetables, sweets Cereals, fruits, vegetables, sweets Main fat sources Vegetable oils, nuts Olive oil, nuts Excluded products Meat (and all animal-derived products in case of a vegan diet) -Methods of thermal processing All; preferably raw fruits and vegetables Avoidance of frying; preferably raw fruits and vegetables Health risks Calcium, iron, vitamin D 3 , and B 12 deficiencies -Distinguishing features No meat consumption Focusing on local products; olive oil as the main source of fat

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“…The MedDiet is associated with lower inflammation [ 15 ], lower blood pressure, lower levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) [ 16 ], and higher levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) [ 17 ]. Overall, the research data points to the possibility that following the MedDiet can improve metabolic indicators and be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of many chronic diseases [ 15 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Its Relationship to Metabolic Markers and Body Composition in Portuguese University Students

et al. 2023

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Background: Transitioning to university involves several changes, which might affect dietary habits. The present study aimed to assess the potential relationships involving adherence to the MedDiet, body composition, and metabolic markers within a Portuguese university sample. Methods: A cross-sectional study involved 70 participants, 52 women, and 18 men (23.00 ± 7.00 years old and a BMI of 21.99 ± 2.79 kg/m2). The average MedDiet adherence of participants was 9.23 points, as evaluated by the 14 point validated questionnaire, with classifications of low and high (under or over 9 points, respectively). Body composition was assessed using X-ray dual densitometry (DXA), and metabolic markers were collected from capillary blood. Results: Statistically significant differences in HDL cholesterol and the total/HDL cholesterol ratio were found between groups. Lower levels (p < 0.05) of visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), BMI, and waist circumference were found in the higher MedDiet adherence group. Those measures were negatively correlated (p < 0.05) with the adherence scores to the MedDiet. Conclusion: Higher adherence to MedDiet seemed to have a favorable and important impact on lipid profiles, primarily HDL-c. A positive relationship between MedDiet adherence and body composition distribution was also described, mostly due to the influence of higher adherence to MedDiet at lower levels of VAT and SAT in Portuguese university students.

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Impact of the level of adherence to the Mediterranean Diet on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Cited by 9 publications

References 79 publications

Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension via Indo-Mediterranean Foods, May Be Superior to DASH Diet Intervention

Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension via Indo-Mediterranean Foods, May Be Superior to DASH Diet Intervention

Health Benefits of Vegetarian and Mediterranean Diets: Narrative Review

Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Its Relationship to Metabolic Markers and Body Composition in Portuguese University Students

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