Impact of timber felling on the ambient monoterpene concentration of a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest

Räisänen, Tommi; Ryyppö, Aija; Kellomäki, Seppo

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.05.035

Cited by 28 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…7a-b). At first glance this appears to be consistent with a number of studies that have shown increased emissions of monoterpenes and other VOCs in response to various plant stress factors (Schade and Goldstein, 2003;Räisänen et al, 2008;Holopainen and Gershenzon, 2010;Niinemets, 2010). For example, monoterpene mixing ratios and emissions from a California ponderosa pine forest showed a 10-30 fold increase during and after major forest thinning, with measured mixing ratios exceeding 3000 pptv (Schade and Goldstein, 2003).…”

Section: Isoprene and Monoterpenessupporting

confidence: 68%

Characterization of trace gases measured over Alberta oil sands mining operations: 76 speciated C2–C10 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), CO2, CH4, CO, NO, NO2, NOy, O3 and SO2

et al. 2010

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Abstract. Oil sands comprise 30% of the world's oil reserves and the crude oil reserves in Canada's oil sands deposits are second only to Saudi Arabia. The extraction and processing of oil sands is much more challenging than for light sweet crude oils because of the high viscosity of the bitumen contained within the oil sands and because the bitumen is mixed with sand and contains chemical impurities such as sulphur. Despite these challenges, the importance of oil sands is increasing in the energy market. To our best knowledge this is the first peer-reviewed study to characterize volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from Alberta's oil sands mining sites. We present high-precision gas chromatography measurements of 76 speciated C 2 -C 10 VOCs (alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, cycloalkanes, aromatics, monoterpenes, oxygenated hydrocarbons, halocarbons and sulphur compounds) in 17 boundary layer air samples collected over surface mining operations in northeast Alberta on 10 July 2008, using the NASA DC-8 airborne laboratory as a research platform. In addition to the VOCs, we present simultaneous measurements of CO 2 , CH 4 , CO, NO, NO 2 , NO y , O 3 and SO 2 , which were measured in situ aboard the DC-8.Carbon dioxide, CH 4 , CO, NO, NO 2 , NO y , SO 2 and 53 VOCs (e.g., non-methane hydrocarbons, halocarbons, sulphur species) showed clear statistical enhancements (1.1-397×) over the oil sands compared to local background valCorrespondence to: I. J. Simpson (isimpson@uci.edu) ues and, with the exception of CO, were greater over the oil sands than at any other time during the flight. Twenty halocarbons (e.g., CFCs, HFCs, halons, brominated species) either were not enhanced or were minimally enhanced (<10%) over the oil sands. Ozone levels remained low because of titration by NO, and three VOCs (propyne, furan, MTBE) remained below their 3 pptv detection limit throughout the flight. Based on their correlations with one another, the compounds emitted by the oil sands industry fell into two groups: (1) evaporative emissions from the oil sands and its products and/or from the diluent used to lower the viscosity of the extracted bitumen (i.e., C 4 -C 9 alkanes, C 5 -C 6 cycloalkanes, C 6 -C 8 aromatics), together with CO; and (2) emissions associated with the mining effort, such as upgraders (i.e., CO 2 , CO, CH 4 , NO, NO 2 , NO y , SO 2 , C 2 -C 4 alkanes, C 2 -C 4 alkenes, C 9 aromatics, short-lived solvents such as C 2 Cl 4 and C 2 HCl 3 , and longer-lived species such as HCFC-22 and HCFC-142b). Prominent in the second group, SO 2 and NO were remarkably enhanced over the oil sands, with maximum mixing ratios of 38.7 ppbv and 5.0 ppbv, or 383× and 319× the local background, respectively. These SO 2 levels are comparable to maximum values measured in heavily polluted megacities such as Mexico City and are attributed to coke combustion. By contrast, relatively poor correlations between CH 4 , ethane and propane suggest low levels of natural gas leakage despite its heavy use at the surface mining sites. Instead the elevat...

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Section: Isoprene and Monoterpenessupporting

confidence: 68%

Characterization of trace gases measured over Alberta oil sands mining operations: 76 speciated C2–C10 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), CO2, CH4, CO, NO, NO2, NOy, O3 and SO2

et al. 2010

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“…Simlarly, post-outbreak forestry activity such as salvage logging could impact VOC emissions (e.g. Räisänen et al 2008).…”

Section: Uncertaintiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of bark beetle infestations on monoterpene emissions and secondary organic aerosol formation in western North America

et al. 2013

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Over the last decade, extensive beetle outbreaks in western North America have destroyed over 100 000 km² of forest throughout British Columbia and the western United States. Beetle infestations impact monoterpene emissions through both decreased emissions as trees are killed (mortality effect) and increased emissions in trees under attack (attack effect). We use 14 yr of beetle-induced tree mortality data together with beetle-induced monoterpene emission data in the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Earth System Model (CESM) to investigate the impact of beetle-induced tree mortality and attack on monoterpene emissions and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation in western North America.

Regionally, beetle infestations may have a significant impact on monoterpene emissions and SOA concentrations, with up to a 4-fold increase in monoterpene emissions and up to a 40% increase in SOA concentrations in some years (in a scenario where the attack effect is based on observed lodgepole pine response). Responses to beetle attack depend on the extent of previous mortality and the number of trees under attack in a given year, which can vary greatly over space and time. Simulated enhancements peak in 2004 (British Columbia) and 2008 (US). Responses to beetle attack are shown to be substantially larger (up to a 3-fold localized increase in summertime SOA concentrations) in a scenario based on bark-beetle attack in spruce trees. Placed in the context of observations from the IMPROVE network, the changes in SOA concentrations due to beetle attack are in most cases small compared to the large annual and interannual variability in total organic aerosol which is driven by wildfire activity in western North America. This indicates that most beetle-induced SOA changes are not likely detectable in current observation networks; however, these changes may impede efforts to achieve natural visibility conditions in the national parks and wilderness areas of the western United States

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“…Monoterpene fluxes from a ponderosa pine forest have been noted to be ∼130 % greater than predicted as a result of precipitation events (Holzinger et al, 2006). Summertime storm systems can bring intense winds and hail, which can knock branches, leaves, and needles from trees, thereby acting as a form of mechanical stress known to increase monoterpene emissions (Schade and Goldstein, 2003;Räisänen et al, 2008). The rainfall associated with storm systems soaks the leaves and needles, which can increase monoterpene emissions in certain plant and tree species (Janson, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They can also be released from ground litter that has fallen from trees (Räisänen et al, 2008). The global budget for monoterpene emissions is estimated to be 127 Tg C per year, comprising an important part of the biogenic VOC budget (Guenther et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Monoterpenes and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are released by vegetation in response to various sources of stress, including heat, light, drought, physical trauma and infestation (Kesselmeier and Staudt, 1999;Räisänen et al, 2008;Niinemets, 2010;Holopainen and Gershenzon, 2010). They can also be released from ground litter that has fallen from trees (Räisänen et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in monoterpene mixing ratios during summer storms in rural New Hampshire (USA)

et al. 2011

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Abstract.Monoterpenes are an important class of biogenic hydrocarbons that influence ambient air quality and are a principle source of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Emitted from vegetation, monoterpenes are a product of photosynthesis and act as a response to a variety of environmental factors. Most parameterizations of monoterpene emissions are based on clear weather models that do not take into account episodic conditions that can drastically change production and release rates into the atmosphere. Here, the monoterpene dataset from the rural Thompson Farm measurement site in Durham, New Hampshire is examined in the context of a set of known severe storm events. While some storm systems had a negligible influence on ambient monoterpene mixing ratios, the average storm event increased mixing ratios by 0.59 ± 0.21 ppbv, a factor of 93 % above pre-storm levels. In some events, mixing ratios reached the 10's of ppbv range and persisted overnight. These mixing ratios correspond to increases in the monoterpene emission rate, ranging from 120 to 1240 g km −2 h −1 compared to an estimated clear weather rate of 116 to 193 g km −2 h −1 . Considering the regularity of storm events over most forested areas, this could be an important factor to consider when modeling global monoterpene emissions and their resulting influence on the formation of organic aerosols.

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Impact of timber felling on the ambient monoterpene concentration of a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest

Cited by 28 publications

References 38 publications

Characterization of trace gases measured over Alberta oil sands mining operations: 76 speciated C<sub>2</sub>–C<sub>10</sub> volatile organic compounds (VOCs), CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, CO, NO, NO<sub>2</sub>, NO<sub>y</sub>, O<sub>3</sub> and SO<sub>2</sub>

Characterization of trace gases measured over Alberta oil sands mining operations: 76 speciated C<sub>2</sub>–C<sub>10</sub> volatile organic compounds (VOCs), CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, CO, NO, NO<sub>2</sub>, NO<sub>y</sub>, O<sub>3</sub> and SO<sub>2</sub>

The impact of bark beetle infestations on monoterpene emissions and secondary organic aerosol formation in western North America

Changes in monoterpene mixing ratios during summer storms in rural New Hampshire (USA)

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