2014
DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.03.005
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Impact of transient acute hypoxia on the developing mouse EEG

Abstract: Hypoxemic events are common in sick preterm and term infants and represent the most common cause of seizures in the newborn period. Neonatal seizures often lack clinical correlates and are only recognized by electroencephalogram (EEG). The mechanisms leading from a hypoxic/ischemic insult to acute seizures in neonates remain poorly understood. Further, the effects of hypoxia on EEG at various developmental stages have not been fully characterized in neonatal animals, in part due to technical challenges. We eva… Show more

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Cited by 30 publications
(38 citation statements)
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“…Similar to rats, neonatal mice show the maximal transition in synaptic receptor maturation at P7-9, which matches the developmental features of the term human brain (Rakhade et al, 2012;Sheldon et al, 1998). Increasing efforts have been made to adapt the hypoxia model to mice to facilitate the application of powerful knock-outs or knock-ins techniques (Leonard et al, 2013;Rakhade et al, 2012;Rubaj et al, 2003;Wais et al, 2009;Wang et al, 2013;Zanelli et al, 2014).…”
Section: Animalsmentioning
confidence: 62%
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“…Similar to rats, neonatal mice show the maximal transition in synaptic receptor maturation at P7-9, which matches the developmental features of the term human brain (Rakhade et al, 2012;Sheldon et al, 1998). Increasing efforts have been made to adapt the hypoxia model to mice to facilitate the application of powerful knock-outs or knock-ins techniques (Leonard et al, 2013;Rakhade et al, 2012;Rubaj et al, 2003;Wais et al, 2009;Wang et al, 2013;Zanelli et al, 2014).…”
Section: Animalsmentioning
confidence: 62%
“…Rats (Long-Evans rats, Wistar rats and Sprague-Dawley rats) (Jensen et al, 1991(Jensen et al, , 1998Jensen and Wang, 1996;Moshe and Albala, 1985;Rakhade et al, 2008Rakhade et al, , 2011Wang et al, 2015) and mice (Leonard et al, 2013;Rakhade et al, 2012;Rubaj et al, 2003;Wais et al, 2009;Wang et al, 2013;Zanelli et al, 2014) are the most commonly used species, with a recent emerging use of other species, i.e., rabbits (Holtzman et al, 1999;Kekelidze et al, 2000), to study the molecular mechanisms in hypoxia-induced seizures in the immature brain. In rats, hypoxic seizures can only be induced during the critical developmental window, P6-12, which is a period of synaptic maturation and corresponds to the age-dependence of clinical hypoxia-associated neonatal seizures (Chiba, 1985;Jensen et al, 1991Jensen et al, , 1998Leonard et al, 2013;Owens et al, 1997;Rakhade and Jensen, 2009;Rakhade et al, 2011).…”
Section: Animalsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…These structural changes include alterations to axonal connectivity (Holmes et al, 1999), dendrite and dendritic spine morphology (Hernan et al, 2013, Jiang et al, 1998, Nishimura et al, 2011, and micro-vascularization (Whiteus et al, 2014). The seizure paradigms used in immature rodents often include exposure to hyperthermia or hypoxia, or repeated doses of chemoconvulsants such as PTZ or flurothyl to induce these changes (Gilbert and Cain, 1985, Holmes et al, 1999, Jensen and Baram, 2000, Karnam et al, 2009, Lugo et al, 2014, Meilleur et al, 2003, Nishimura et al, 2011, Zanelli et al, 2014. Even a single seizure induced by PTZ in P1 rats leads to disrupted hippocampal physiology when examined at 2-3 months of age (Zhao et al, 1994).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These phenomena are modulated, as a function of voltage amplitude and frequency, by the general state of the central nervous system and, therefore, the seriousness of the encephalopathy [156]. Depending on the severity and evolution of brain injury, cortical neurons can exhibit two phenomena: (i) if the brain is severely injured, voltage amplitude and frequency gradually decrease, the burst period becomes shorter, the suppression period longer, and eventually a continuous isoelectric EEG (flat trace) results [32]; (ii) as EEG activity increases, a repetitive hypersynchronous discharge of a population of cortical neurons, seizure, may occur [157]. Normalisation of EEG background may occur with either discontinuity or full recovery of continuous voltage [158,159].…”
Section: Clinical Rationale Of Hie and The Eeg Background Patternsmentioning
confidence: 99%