Impact of Traumatic Events on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Danish Survivors of Sexual Abuse in Childhood

Elklit, Ask; Christiansen, Dorte Mølgaard; Palić, Sabina; Karsberg, Sidsel; Eriksen, Sara Bek

doi:10.1080/10538712.2014.964440

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The participants were recruited through the Danish incest support centers as adults. The mean age of this sample was 36.43 (SD = 10.81, range 18–77) with the majority of victims being females (87%) (Elklit, Christiansen, Palic, Karsberg, & Eriksen, 2014a ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Less is more? Assessing the validity of the ICD-11 model of PTSD across multiple trauma samples

Hansen

Hyland

Armour

et al. 2015

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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BackgroundIn the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), the symptom profile of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was expanded to include 20 symptoms. An alternative model of PTSD is outlined in the proposed 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) that includes just six symptoms.Objectives and methodThe objectives of the current study are: 1) to independently investigate the fit of the ICD-11 model of PTSD, and three DSM-5-based models of PTSD, across seven different trauma samples (N=3,746) using confirmatory factor analysis; 2) to assess the concurrent validity of the ICD-11 model of PTSD; and 3) to determine if there are significant differences in diagnostic rates between the ICD-11 guidelines and the DSM-5 criteria.ResultsThe ICD-11 model of PTSD was found to provide excellent model fit in six of the seven trauma samples, and tests of factorial invariance showed that the model performs equally well for males and females. DSM-5 models provided poor fit of the data. Concurrent validity was established as the ICD-11 PTSD factors were all moderately to strongly correlated with scores of depression, anxiety, dissociation, and aggression. Levels of association were similar for ICD-11 and DSM-5 suggesting that explanatory power is not affected due to the limited number of items included in the ICD-11 model. Diagnostic rates were significantly lower according to ICD-11 guidelines compared to the DSM-5 criteria.ConclusionsThe proposed factor structure of the ICD-11 model of PTSD appears valid across multiple trauma types, possesses good concurrent validity, and is more stringent in terms of diagnosis compared to the DSM-5 criteria.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Less is more? Assessing the validity of the ICD-11 model of PTSD across multiple trauma samples

Hansen

Hyland

Armour

et al. 2015

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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“…Data were collected from adult attendees (N = 484) at four Danish treatment centers that provide psychological treatment for CSA victims. Further details on the study are available elsewhere (Elklit, Christiansen, Palic, Karsberg, & Eriksen, 2014). Briefly, the treatment centers are supported by Denmark's Ministry of Social Affairs.…”

Section: Participants and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Network Analysis of Posttraumatic Stress Experiences of Adults Seeking Psychological Treatment for Childhood Sexual Abuse

McBride

Murphy

Elklit

2019

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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Network analysis proposes that mental disorders may best be construed as causal systems embodied in networks of functionally interconnected symptoms. We employed network analysis to test how adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) experienced symptoms of posttraumatic stress, using alternative conceptualizations of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Given the characteristics of the sample (i.e., the nature of and time since trauma), we hypothesized that (a) symptoms related to arousal would not be prominent in the networks and (b) symptoms related to negative alternations in cognition and mood (NACM) would be core components in the network. Danish adults seeking psychological treatment for CSA (n = 473) completed the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire and Trauma Symptom Checklist. Three alternative models (DSM‐5, DSM‐5 with dissociation, and ICD‐11 complex PTSD [CPTSD]) were estimated using regularized partial correlation models. In the DSM‐5 network, strong associations emerged for experiences of NACM (blame and guilt) and intrusions (thoughts and flashbacks). The addition of “depersonalization” and “derealization” to the DSM‐5 model produced a strong association, but these experiences were largely unrelated to other PTSD clusters. In the CPTSD network, interpersonal problems and negative self‐concept were central to the survivors’ experiences. For this highly‐specific survivor group who experienced traumatic CSA many years ago, experiences related to NACM appeared to be more central to the posttrauma experience than those of arousal. If replicated, these findings could help inform treatment plans for specific groups of survivors. Methodological implications as to the usefulness of network models in the psychopathological research literature are discussed.

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“…Incest often involves the betrayal by someone the victim knows and at the same time victims of incest are often threatened into silence, which unfortunately can make victims of incest less likely to both have and use supportive social networks. Indeed, studies show that negative perceptions and lack of social support can increase PTSD severity in victims of incest [28].…”

Section: Dissociative Ptsd Subtype 10mentioning

confidence: 99%

Can the dissociative PTSD subtype be identified across two distinct trauma samples meeting caseness for PTSD?

Hansen

Műllerová

Elklit

et al. 2016

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

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Impact of Traumatic Events on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Danish Survivors of Sexual Abuse in Childhood

Cited by 12 publications

References 45 publications

Less is more? Assessing the validity of the ICD-11 model of PTSD across multiple trauma samples

Less is more? Assessing the validity of the ICD-11 model of PTSD across multiple trauma samples

Network Analysis of Posttraumatic Stress Experiences of Adults Seeking Psychological Treatment for Childhood Sexual Abuse

Can the dissociative PTSD subtype be identified across two distinct trauma samples meeting caseness for PTSD?

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